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HAE II (non facebook) > Quiz 4 > Flashcards

Quiz 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the epithelium of the external ear

A

Stratified squamous

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2
Q

What proportion of external ear is cartilage and waht proportion is bone?

A 
cartilage = lateral 1/3
bone = medial 2/3
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3
Q

Sensory innervation of the external ear comes from what 4 nerves listed from anterior to posterior

A

Vagus–Small but clinically relevant
Auriculotemporal of V3–
Greater auricular– from cervical plexus
lesser occipital –from cervical plexus

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4
Q

Why is vagus clinically relevant for ear?

A

pain sensation from laryngeal cancer traveling in vagus can be referred to external acoustic meatus

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5
Q

tympanic membrane faces which way externally

A

anteriorly and inferiorly

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6
Q

3 layers of tympanic membrane

A

stratified squamous skin - hairless
fibrous CT- primarily collagen
mucosa

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7
Q

size of tympanic membrane

A

1cm in diameter

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8
Q

What is the area of the tympanic membrane called that doesn’t have connective tissue, and what is everything else called?

A

Pars Flaccida

Pars tensa

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9
Q

on the right side of the ear, light reflex should be where?

on the left?

A

5 o’clock

7

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10
Q

sensory innervation to external tympanic membrane is from which nerve?

A

auriculotemporal V3

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11
Q

sensory innervation to internal tympanic membrane is from which nerve?

A

tympanic branch of CNIX

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12
Q

3 ossicles

A

malleus, incus, stapes

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13
Q 
Tensor Tympani 
O
I
N
A
A

Eustacian Tube
Malleus
CNV3
tighten TM- protective

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14
Q 
Stapedius 
O
I
N
A
Derivation
A

pyramidal eminence
Stapes
Nerve to the stapedius from CN7
prevents oscillations of stapes

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15
Q

How does the chorda tympani leave the middle ear?

A

petrotympanic fissure

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16
Q

What structure does the tympanic plexus run on top of

A

tympanic plexus

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17
Q

What bones does the chorda tympani run between

A

malleus and incus

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18
Q

Lateral Wall– Structure of Middle Ear

A

tympanic membrane

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19
Q

Anterior Wall– Structure of Middle Ear

A

Eustachian Tube
ICA
tensor tympani
chorda tympani- petrotympanic fissure

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20
Q

Why do infants get otitis media

adults?

A

eustachian tube is more horizontal
blockage of tube

–adults= smoking paralyzes cilia

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21
Q

Medial Wall Wall– Structure of Middle Ear

A 
Promontory
tympanic plexus
oval window
Round Window
Prominence of facial canal
prominance of lateral semicircular canal
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22
Q

Posterior Wall– Structure of Middle Ear

A

Entrance to mastoid antrum
pyramidal eminence
Facial Canal- facial nerve
opening for chorda tympani

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23
Q

Roof =– Structure of Middle Ear

A 
tegmen tympani
epitympanic process (space b/w ossicles and tegmen)
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24
Q

Floor– Structure of Middle Ear

A

jugular fossa

jugular bulb–transition b/w sigmoid sinus and IJV

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25
Q

sensory Innervation of middle ear

A

tympanic branch of CN9

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26
Q

how does tympanic branch of 9 enter middle ear?

A

from jugular foramen

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27
Q

waht does the tympanic branch of CN9 do once it’s in the middle ear?

A

forms plexus on promontory

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28
Q

Where does the lesser petrosal nerve come from?

A

some fibers from CN9 leave the promonotory as preganglionic parasympathetic fibers and go to otic ganglion

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29
Q

innervation of partoid gland starting from middle ear

A

preganglionics leave as tympanic plexus as lesser petrosal nerve from CN9, leaves middle ear via foramen spinosum/ovale to meet up with otic ganglion, postganglionic join the auriculotemporal (CNV3) to travel to parotid gland

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30
Q

Blood supply to the middle ear comes from which two branches of which artery?

A

Deep Auricular and anterior tympanic

from maxillary

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31
Q

Facial nerve enters temporal bone via ______then travels in the _____ b/w choclea and semicircular canals and goes towards the middle ear . Its sensory ganglion is the ___ ganglion and the first branch, the _______ nerve is given off. while traveling in the facial canal two other branches are given off the __ and the ___

A 
internal acoustic meatus
facial canal
geniculate
greater petrosal 
chorda tympani 
nerve to the stapedius
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32
Q

Two zebras bit my cervix is a mneumonic for what?

A

branches of facial nerve that innervate muscles of facial expression

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33
Q

2 major divisions of the inner ear

A

cochlea - anterior

semicircular canals

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34
Q

What is the vestibule

A

area b/2 cochlea and semicircular canals

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35
Q

oval window is b/w what and what

A

stapes attaches to it

b/w middle ear and vestibule

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36
Q

cochlea is continuous w/ what

A

vestibule

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37
Q

round window is b/w what and what

A

middle ear and cochlea– scala tympani

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38
Q

3 cavities of inner ear / components of bony labyrinth

A

cochlea
vestibule
semicirc canals

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39
Q

3 divisons of semicirc canal

A

superior
posterior
lateral

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40
Q

superior division of semi circ points in which direction

A

anteriorly

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41
Q

vestibular aqueduct connects what and waht

A

vestibule and posterior cranial fossa

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42
Q

4 components of bony labyrinth

A

cochlear duct
utricle
saccule
semicircular ducts

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43
Q

where is endolymph and what is it made out of

A

membranous labyrinth

a lot like ICF

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44
Q

where is perilymph and what is it made of

A

b/w membranous and bony labyrinth

CSF

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45
Q

What is the modiolus

A

central core of bone that cochlea wraps around

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46
Q

2 components on either side of cochlear duct

A

scala vestibuli

scala tympani

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47
Q

where are scala vestibuli and tympani continuous

A

heliocotrema- apex of trochlea

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48
Q

scala vestibuli is associated with which membrane

A

vestibular

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49
Q

scala tympani is associated with which membrane

A

basilar

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50
Q

what is the spiral lamina

A

shelf of bone that Coch. duct attaches to

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51
Q

what is contained in scala vestibuli and tympani and waht kind of epithelium

A

perilymp

simple squamous

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52
Q

Stria Vascularis- where is it

what does it do

A

on spiral ligament

makes endolymph

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53
Q

what is spiral ligament

A

outside of coch. duct

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54
Q

organ of corti rests on what

A

basilar membrane

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55
Q

inner row of hair cells is how many cells thick

A

1

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56
Q

outer row of hair cells is how many cells thick

A

3-5

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57
Q

stereocilia of hair cells connect via __ ___

A

tip links

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58
Q

explain how cochlear divison of CN VIII is formed

A

neurons from cochlea w/ auditory info have cell bodies in spiral ganglia in modiolus
Axons leaving spiral ganglia converge to form cochlear division of CN VIII

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59
Q

is scala vestibuli or tympani associated w/ sound entering ear
–which one is associated w/ sound leaving

A

vestibuli- entering

tympani- leaving

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60
Q

3 places where receptors for balance can be found

A

semicircular ducts
utricle
saccule

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61
Q

where are saccule utricle located

A

vestibule

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62
Q

which one is closer to cochlea: saccule or utricle

A

sacule

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63
Q

what are the macula?
what are they composed of
where are they found

A

receptor organs for balance
hair and columnar support cells
utricle and saccule

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64
Q

what is the name of the long cilia that each macula has

A

kinocilium

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65
Q

saccule and utricle are lined w/ what kind of epithelium except in macula?

A

simple cuboidal

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66
Q

stereocilia and kinocilium project into ___ ___ which is a gelatinous glycoprotein layer w/ crystals called otoliths/otoconia

A

otolithic memrane

otoliths otoconia

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67
Q

movement in x is called
y
z

A

roll
pitch
yaw

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68
Q

macula detect which kind of acceleration

A

linear

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69
Q

semicircular ducts contain what kind of epithelium?

A

simple cuboidal

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70
Q

what is the receptor organ of the ampulla of the semicircular ducts

A

cristae ampullaris

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71
Q

crista ampullaris detect what kind of acceleration

A

angular

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72
Q

what is the name of the gelatinous mass of the crista?

A

cupula

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73
Q

T/F cupula contains otoliths

A

false

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74
Q

what is different about the epithelium of macula vs crista

A

crista forms ridge

macula is flat

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75
Q

innervation of inner ear is from which CN

A

8

76
Q

sensory cell bodies of neurons that form vestibular division of CN8 are located in the ___ ganglion which is located

A

vestibular

lateral part of IAM

77
Q

where do the two divisions of CN8 meet?

A

internal acoustic meatus

78
Q

where does CN8 enter the brain stem

A

b/w pons and medulla

79
Q

Blood supply to the inner ear is from the ___ artery which arises from the anterior inferior cerebella which is a branch of the ____

A

labyrinthine

Basilar

80
Q

labrythine travels in ___ (foramen/hole) with which nerve

A

IAM w/ CN 7/8

81
Q

ischemia of labyrinthine leads to

A

vertigo and unilateral deafness

82
Q

incus, malleus, and stapes from which pharyngeal arches

A

first two from 1

stapes from2

83
Q

distal portion of 1st pharyngeal pouch b/c

proximal portion

A

middle ear cavity

eustacian tube

84
Q

1st pharyngeal cleft b/c

A

EAM

85
Q

muscles associated w/ ossicles arise from what

A

somitomeres

86
Q

mastoid antrum/ air cells are derived from what

A

epithelium of middle ear cavity

87
Q

outer portion of tympanic membrane is derived from

A

1st pharyngeal cleft - ectoderm

88
Q

middle portion of tympanic membrane is derived from

A

fibrous core of mesoderm

89
Q

inner portion of tympanic membrane is derived from

A

1st pharyngeal pouch and endoderm

90
Q

tympanic membrane is concave or convex?

A

concave

91
Q

Where does pharynx become the esophagus?

A

circoid cart/ C6

92
Q

3 parts of pharynx

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

93
Q

3 Fxns of pharynx

A

deglutition
Respiration
speech

94
Q

3 layers of pharyngeal wall

A

mucosa
muscular layer
buccopharyngeal fascia

95
Q

what kind of epithelium does the nasopharynx have?

A

pseudostratified columnar ciliated

96
Q

what kind of epithelium do the oropharynx and laryngopharynx have?

A

stratified squamous

97
Q

inner layer of muscular layer of pharynx is circular or longitduinal
outer

A

longitudinal

circular

98
Q

which muscles make up inner muscular layer

A

elevators

palato, stylo, salpingo pharyngeus

99
Q

which muscles make up outer muscular layer

A

constrictors

superior, middle, inferior constrictors

100
Q

Buccopharyngeal fascia contains what?

A

pharyngeal plexus

101
Q

Retropharyngeal space is b/w what 2 structures

A

buccopharygeal fascia

prevertebral fascia

102
Q

retropharyngeal space extends from where to where

A

base of skull to mediastinum

103
Q

bones/cartilages involved in pharyngeal skeleton

A 
base of skull and medial pterygoid
mandible
hyoid bone
thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
104
Q

constrictors –originate from

insert on

A

bilaterally from head and neck

fibrous pharyngeal raphe

105
Q

constrictors overlap with the muscle cranial/caudal

A

caudal

106
Q

which constrictor is associated with the buccinator and orbicularis oris

A

superior

107
Q

middle constrictor originates from wehre

A

greater horn of hyoid

108
Q

what is the most inferior part of the inferior constrictor is called what
What is superior part called

A

cricopharyngeus

thyropharyngeus

109
Q

where is the narrowest part of the GI tract

A

cricopharyngeus

110
Q

where is the zone of sparse fibers and why is it clinically important

A

b/w thyro and cricopharyngeus portion of inferior constrictor
potential site for diverticulum

111
Q

What is in the gap b/w the base of the skull and superior constrictor
3

A

levator veli palatini

eustachian tube and pharyngobasilar membrane

112
Q

What is between the sup and middle constrictors

2

A

stylopharyngeus and CH9

113
Q

What is between the mid and inf constrictors

3

A

superior laryngeal nerve and artery

thyrohyoid membrane

114
Q

What is inferior to the inferior constrictor

2

A

recurrent laryngeal

inferior laryngeal

115
Q

function of inner muscular layer of pharynx

A

elevate and shorten pharynx

116
Q

stylopharyngeus is innervated by waht

A

CN9

117
Q

2nd function of salpingopharyngeus

A

opens eustachian tube during swallowing

118
Q

In addition to the pharynx the palatopharynx also acts on

A

the soft palate

119
Q

3 structures in nasopharynx

A

adenoids
eustachian tube
tubal tonsils

120
Q

What are valleculae

A

depressions on epiglottis

121
Q

aryepiglottic folds separate which structures

A

boundary between pharynx larynx

122
Q

arterial blood supply to pharynx

A

ascending pharyngeal artery

ECA-facial- tonsilar and ascending palatine

123
Q

Describe venous drainage of pharynx

A

pharyngeal venus plexus on posterior aspect and then superiorly drains to pterygoid plexus
inferior drains to tributaries of IJV

124
Q

Where is pharyngeal plexus located in the pharynx

A

buccopharyngeal fascia

125
Q

motor innervation of pharynx comes from where?

A

everything is vagus nerve except for stylopharyngeus which is innervated by CN9

126
Q

parotid gland empties where

A

opposite 2nd maxillary molar

127
Q

sublingual glands rest on which muscle

A

mylohyoid

128
Q

describe innervation of upper minor salivary glands

A

CN7 greater petrosal , pterygoid ganglion, V2

129
Q

describe innervation of lower minor salivary glands, submandibular, and sublingual

A

CN chorda tympani, lingual nerve of V3 submandibular ganglion, V3

130
Q

describe innervation of parotid glands

A

CN9 via lesser petrosal, Otic ganglion , V3

131
Q

Sets of deciduous teeth

A

2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 molars

212 *4

132
Q

sets of adult/permanent teeth

A

2 incisors, 1 canine , 2 premolars, 3 molars

2123 *4

133
Q

maxilary teeth are innervated by

A

V2–superior alveolar nerves, (post, middle, anterior)

134
Q

mandibular teeth are innervated by

A

V3 – mandibular–inferior alveolar

135
Q

Blood supply to upper teeth

A

posterior superior alveoloar artery from maxillary

anterior superior from infraorbital artery from maxillary

136
Q

Blood supply to lower mandible

A

inferior alveolar artery

137
Q

4 types of taste buds

A

fungiform
foliate
vallate
filiform

138
Q

All muscles of the tongue except palatglossus are innervated by waht

A

CN12

139
Q

Palatoglossus is innervated by what

A

vagus

140
Q

what are the 4 intrinsic tongue muscles

A

superior long
vertical
transverse
inferior long

141
Q

what are the 4 extrinsic tongue muscles

A

genioglossus
hypoglossus
palatoglossus
styloglossus

142
Q

General sensation to the anterior 2/3 of tongue is from

A

lingual branch of V3

143
Q

General sensation to the posterior 1/3 of tongue is from

A

CN9

144
Q

Taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue is from

A

lingual to chorda typani

145
Q

Taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue is from

A

CN9

146
Q

taste/ sensation of epiglottis

A

superior laryngeal of vagus

147
Q

lingual branches of V3 and hypoglossal travel b/w

A

mylohyoid and hypoglossal

148
Q

main blood supply to floor of mouth and roof of tongue

A

lingual artery

149
Q

incisive foramen is psgwy b/w

A

nasal cavities and oral cavity

150
Q

greater and lesser palatine canals are passageway b/w

A

pterygoid palatine fossa and hard and soft palates

151
Q

fxn of soft palate

A

separate oro and nasopharynx during swallowing

152
Q

4 muscles of the palate

A 
Levator Veli Palatini
Tensor Veli Palatinin
Palatoglossus
palatopharyngeus
musculus uvulae
153
Q

Levator Veli palatini is innervated by what

A

vagus

154
Q

tensor veli palatini is innervated by waht

A

CNV3

155
Q

All muscles of the palate are innervated by ___ except for ___

A

X

tensor veli palatini -CNV3

156
Q

action of levator veli and tensor veli

A

elevate/tense soft palate

157
Q

actions of palatoglossus and pharyngeus

A

depress soft palate

158
Q

descending palatine artery goes through which foramen in ptyerygoid fossa

A

palatine canal

159
Q

greater/lesser palatine artery go through which holes to get to palate

A

greater/less palatine canals

160
Q

greater palatine anastamoses with which artery in which canal

A

sphenopalatine

incisive canal

161
Q

nasopalatine nerve goes through which opening and innervates what

A

incisive canal

area of palate posterior to teeth

162
Q

blood supply/ innervation to soft palate

A

lesser palatine artery/nerve

163
Q

What passes through 2 holes in thyrohyoid membrane

A

sup. laryngeal vessels

internal laryngeal branch of superior laryngeal

164
Q

lateral boundary of laryngeal inlet

A

aryepiglottic folds

165
Q

posterior boundary of laryngeal inlet

A

interarytenoid notch

166
Q

larynx superior to vocal folds is innervated by what

A

internal branch of superior laryngeal

167
Q

larynx inferior to vocal folds and vocal folds are innervated by what

A

recurrent

168
Q

All intrinsic muscles of larynx are innervated by ____ except for ____ which is innervated by

A

recurrent branch
cricothyroid’
external branch of superior laryngeal

169
Q

superior and inferior laryngeal arteries arise from

A

superior and inferior thyroid

170
Q

inferior laryngeal artery travels with

A

recurrent nerve

171
Q

pterygomaxillary fissure connects what and what

A

infratemporal fossa and pterygopalatine fossa

172
Q

sphenopalatine foramen b/w

A

PP fossa and nasal cavity

173
Q

maxillary nerve enters pterygopalatine fossa via which foramen

A

foramen rotundum

174
Q

sphenoid sinus drains into

A

the spenoethmoidal recess

175
Q

what drains into the superior nasal meatus?

A

posterior ethmoid cells

176
Q

frontal sinuses darin into which meatus

A

middle via frontonasal duct

177
Q

infections of which sinus can spread to the orbit

A

ethmoid

178
Q

where do the anterior and middle ethmoid air cells drain?

A

middle meatus

179
Q

maxillary sinuses drain where

A

middle meatus via semilunar hiatus

180
Q

opthalmic artery is branch of which major artery and gives off which branches that supply anterior nose

A

internal carotid –anterior and posterior ethmoidal

181
Q

which artery supplies the posterior nasal cavity and it is branch of which major artery

A

sphenopalatine

maxillary

182
Q

septal branch that provides blood to the nasal vestibule/septum is a branch of which major artery

A

facial / ECA

183
Q

facial vein drains to the..

A

IJV

184
Q

ethmoidal veins drain to the

A

cavernou sinus

185
Q

sphenopalatine drain to the

A

pterygoid plexus in infra temp. fossal

186
Q

V1 aka

A

opthalmic nerve

HAE II (non facebook) (3 decks)

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