Quiz 4 Flashcards
What is the epithelium of the external ear
Stratified squamous
What proportion of external ear is cartilage and waht proportion is bone?
cartilage = lateral 1/3 bone = medial 2/3
Sensory innervation of the external ear comes from what 4 nerves listed from anterior to posterior
Vagus–Small but clinically relevant
Auriculotemporal of V3–
Greater auricular– from cervical plexus
lesser occipital –from cervical plexus
Why is vagus clinically relevant for ear?
pain sensation from laryngeal cancer traveling in vagus can be referred to external acoustic meatus
tympanic membrane faces which way externally
anteriorly and inferiorly
3 layers of tympanic membrane
stratified squamous skin - hairless
fibrous CT- primarily collagen
mucosa
size of tympanic membrane
1cm in diameter
What is the area of the tympanic membrane called that doesn’t have connective tissue, and what is everything else called?
Pars Flaccida
Pars tensa
on the right side of the ear, light reflex should be where?
on the left?
5 o’clock
7
sensory innervation to external tympanic membrane is from which nerve?
auriculotemporal V3
sensory innervation to internal tympanic membrane is from which nerve?
tympanic branch of CNIX
3 ossicles
malleus, incus, stapes
Tensor Tympani O I N A
Eustacian Tube
Malleus
CNV3
tighten TM- protective
Stapedius O I N A Derivation
pyramidal eminence
Stapes
Nerve to the stapedius from CN7
prevents oscillations of stapes
How does the chorda tympani leave the middle ear?
petrotympanic fissure
What structure does the tympanic plexus run on top of
tympanic plexus
What bones does the chorda tympani run between
malleus and incus
Lateral Wall– Structure of Middle Ear
tympanic membrane
Anterior Wall– Structure of Middle Ear
Eustachian Tube
ICA
tensor tympani
chorda tympani- petrotympanic fissure
Why do infants get otitis media
adults?
eustachian tube is more horizontal
blockage of tube
–adults= smoking paralyzes cilia
Medial Wall Wall– Structure of Middle Ear
Promontory tympanic plexus oval window Round Window Prominence of facial canal prominance of lateral semicircular canal
Posterior Wall– Structure of Middle Ear
Entrance to mastoid antrum
pyramidal eminence
Facial Canal- facial nerve
opening for chorda tympani
Roof =– Structure of Middle Ear
tegmen tympani epitympanic process (space b/w ossicles and tegmen)
Floor– Structure of Middle Ear
jugular fossa
jugular bulb–transition b/w sigmoid sinus and IJV
sensory Innervation of middle ear
tympanic branch of CN9
how does tympanic branch of 9 enter middle ear?
from jugular foramen
waht does the tympanic branch of CN9 do once it’s in the middle ear?
forms plexus on promontory
Where does the lesser petrosal nerve come from?
some fibers from CN9 leave the promonotory as preganglionic parasympathetic fibers and go to otic ganglion
innervation of partoid gland starting from middle ear
preganglionics leave as tympanic plexus as lesser petrosal nerve from CN9, leaves middle ear via foramen spinosum/ovale to meet up with otic ganglion, postganglionic join the auriculotemporal (CNV3) to travel to parotid gland
Blood supply to the middle ear comes from which two branches of which artery?
Deep Auricular and anterior tympanic
from maxillary
Facial nerve enters temporal bone via ______then travels in the _____ b/w choclea and semicircular canals and goes towards the middle ear . Its sensory ganglion is the ___ ganglion and the first branch, the _______ nerve is given off. while traveling in the facial canal two other branches are given off the __ and the ___
internal acoustic meatus facial canal geniculate greater petrosal chorda tympani nerve to the stapedius
Two zebras bit my cervix is a mneumonic for what?
branches of facial nerve that innervate muscles of facial expression
2 major divisions of the inner ear
cochlea - anterior
semicircular canals
What is the vestibule
area b/2 cochlea and semicircular canals
oval window is b/w what and what
stapes attaches to it
b/w middle ear and vestibule
cochlea is continuous w/ what
vestibule
round window is b/w what and what
middle ear and cochlea– scala tympani
3 cavities of inner ear / components of bony labyrinth
cochlea
vestibule
semicirc canals
3 divisons of semicirc canal
superior
posterior
lateral
superior division of semi circ points in which direction
anteriorly
vestibular aqueduct connects what and waht
vestibule and posterior cranial fossa
4 components of bony labyrinth
cochlear duct
utricle
saccule
semicircular ducts
where is endolymph and what is it made out of
membranous labyrinth
a lot like ICF
where is perilymph and what is it made of
b/w membranous and bony labyrinth
CSF
What is the modiolus
central core of bone that cochlea wraps around
2 components on either side of cochlear duct
scala vestibuli
scala tympani
where are scala vestibuli and tympani continuous
heliocotrema- apex of trochlea
scala vestibuli is associated with which membrane
vestibular
scala tympani is associated with which membrane
basilar
what is the spiral lamina
shelf of bone that Coch. duct attaches to
what is contained in scala vestibuli and tympani and waht kind of epithelium
perilymp
simple squamous
Stria Vascularis- where is it
what does it do
on spiral ligament
makes endolymph
what is spiral ligament
outside of coch. duct
organ of corti rests on what
basilar membrane
inner row of hair cells is how many cells thick
1
outer row of hair cells is how many cells thick
3-5
stereocilia of hair cells connect via __ ___
tip links
explain how cochlear divison of CN VIII is formed
neurons from cochlea w/ auditory info have cell bodies in spiral ganglia in modiolus
Axons leaving spiral ganglia converge to form cochlear division of CN VIII
is scala vestibuli or tympani associated w/ sound entering ear
–which one is associated w/ sound leaving
vestibuli- entering
tympani- leaving
3 places where receptors for balance can be found
semicircular ducts
utricle
saccule
where are saccule utricle located
vestibule
which one is closer to cochlea: saccule or utricle
sacule
what are the macula?
what are they composed of
where are they found
receptor organs for balance
hair and columnar support cells
utricle and saccule
what is the name of the long cilia that each macula has
kinocilium
saccule and utricle are lined w/ what kind of epithelium except in macula?
simple cuboidal
stereocilia and kinocilium project into ___ ___ which is a gelatinous glycoprotein layer w/ crystals called otoliths/otoconia
otolithic memrane
otoliths otoconia
movement in x is called
y
z
roll
pitch
yaw
macula detect which kind of acceleration
linear
semicircular ducts contain what kind of epithelium?
simple cuboidal
what is the receptor organ of the ampulla of the semicircular ducts
cristae ampullaris
crista ampullaris detect what kind of acceleration
angular
what is the name of the gelatinous mass of the crista?
cupula
T/F cupula contains otoliths
false
what is different about the epithelium of macula vs crista
crista forms ridge
macula is flat
innervation of inner ear is from which CN
8
sensory cell bodies of neurons that form vestibular division of CN8 are located in the ___ ganglion which is located
vestibular
lateral part of IAM
where do the two divisions of CN8 meet?
internal acoustic meatus
where does CN8 enter the brain stem
b/w pons and medulla
Blood supply to the inner ear is from the ___ artery which arises from the anterior inferior cerebella which is a branch of the ____
labyrinthine
Basilar
labrythine travels in ___ (foramen/hole) with which nerve
IAM w/ CN 7/8
ischemia of labyrinthine leads to
vertigo and unilateral deafness
incus, malleus, and stapes from which pharyngeal arches
first two from 1
stapes from2
distal portion of 1st pharyngeal pouch b/c
proximal portion
middle ear cavity
eustacian tube
1st pharyngeal cleft b/c
EAM
muscles associated w/ ossicles arise from what
somitomeres
mastoid antrum/ air cells are derived from what
epithelium of middle ear cavity
outer portion of tympanic membrane is derived from
1st pharyngeal cleft - ectoderm
middle portion of tympanic membrane is derived from
fibrous core of mesoderm
inner portion of tympanic membrane is derived from
1st pharyngeal pouch and endoderm
tympanic membrane is concave or convex?
concave
Where does pharynx become the esophagus?
circoid cart/ C6
3 parts of pharynx
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
3 Fxns of pharynx
deglutition
Respiration
speech
3 layers of pharyngeal wall
mucosa
muscular layer
buccopharyngeal fascia
what kind of epithelium does the nasopharynx have?
pseudostratified columnar ciliated
what kind of epithelium do the oropharynx and laryngopharynx have?
stratified squamous
inner layer of muscular layer of pharynx is circular or longitduinal
outer
longitudinal
circular
which muscles make up inner muscular layer
elevators
palato, stylo, salpingo pharyngeus
which muscles make up outer muscular layer
constrictors
superior, middle, inferior constrictors
Buccopharyngeal fascia contains what?
pharyngeal plexus
Retropharyngeal space is b/w what 2 structures
buccopharygeal fascia
prevertebral fascia
retropharyngeal space extends from where to where
base of skull to mediastinum
bones/cartilages involved in pharyngeal skeleton
base of skull and medial pterygoid mandible hyoid bone thyroid cartilage cricoid cartilage
constrictors –originate from
insert on
bilaterally from head and neck
fibrous pharyngeal raphe
constrictors overlap with the muscle cranial/caudal
caudal
which constrictor is associated with the buccinator and orbicularis oris
superior
middle constrictor originates from wehre
greater horn of hyoid
what is the most inferior part of the inferior constrictor is called what
What is superior part called
cricopharyngeus
thyropharyngeus
where is the narrowest part of the GI tract
cricopharyngeus
where is the zone of sparse fibers and why is it clinically important
b/w thyro and cricopharyngeus portion of inferior constrictor
potential site for diverticulum
What is in the gap b/w the base of the skull and superior constrictor
3
levator veli palatini
eustachian tube and pharyngobasilar membrane
What is between the sup and middle constrictors
2
stylopharyngeus and CH9
What is between the mid and inf constrictors
3
superior laryngeal nerve and artery
thyrohyoid membrane
What is inferior to the inferior constrictor
2
recurrent laryngeal
inferior laryngeal
function of inner muscular layer of pharynx
elevate and shorten pharynx
stylopharyngeus is innervated by waht
CN9
2nd function of salpingopharyngeus
opens eustachian tube during swallowing
In addition to the pharynx the palatopharynx also acts on
the soft palate
3 structures in nasopharynx
adenoids
eustachian tube
tubal tonsils
What are valleculae
depressions on epiglottis
aryepiglottic folds separate which structures
boundary between pharynx larynx
arterial blood supply to pharynx
ascending pharyngeal artery
ECA-facial- tonsilar and ascending palatine
Describe venous drainage of pharynx
pharyngeal venus plexus on posterior aspect and then superiorly drains to pterygoid plexus
inferior drains to tributaries of IJV
Where is pharyngeal plexus located in the pharynx
buccopharyngeal fascia
motor innervation of pharynx comes from where?
everything is vagus nerve except for stylopharyngeus which is innervated by CN9
parotid gland empties where
opposite 2nd maxillary molar
sublingual glands rest on which muscle
mylohyoid
describe innervation of upper minor salivary glands
CN7 greater petrosal , pterygoid ganglion, V2
describe innervation of lower minor salivary glands, submandibular, and sublingual
CN chorda tympani, lingual nerve of V3 submandibular ganglion, V3
describe innervation of parotid glands
CN9 via lesser petrosal, Otic ganglion , V3
Sets of deciduous teeth
2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 molars
212 *4
sets of adult/permanent teeth
2 incisors, 1 canine , 2 premolars, 3 molars
2123 *4
maxilary teeth are innervated by
V2–superior alveolar nerves, (post, middle, anterior)
mandibular teeth are innervated by
V3 – mandibular–inferior alveolar
Blood supply to upper teeth
posterior superior alveoloar artery from maxillary
anterior superior from infraorbital artery from maxillary
Blood supply to lower mandible
inferior alveolar artery
4 types of taste buds
fungiform
foliate
vallate
filiform
All muscles of the tongue except palatglossus are innervated by waht
CN12
Palatoglossus is innervated by what
vagus
what are the 4 intrinsic tongue muscles
superior long
vertical
transverse
inferior long
what are the 4 extrinsic tongue muscles
genioglossus
hypoglossus
palatoglossus
styloglossus
General sensation to the anterior 2/3 of tongue is from
lingual branch of V3
General sensation to the posterior 1/3 of tongue is from
CN9
Taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue is from
lingual to chorda typani
Taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue is from
CN9
taste/ sensation of epiglottis
superior laryngeal of vagus
lingual branches of V3 and hypoglossal travel b/w
mylohyoid and hypoglossal
main blood supply to floor of mouth and roof of tongue
lingual artery
incisive foramen is psgwy b/w
nasal cavities and oral cavity
greater and lesser palatine canals are passageway b/w
pterygoid palatine fossa and hard and soft palates
fxn of soft palate
separate oro and nasopharynx during swallowing
4 muscles of the palate
Levator Veli Palatini Tensor Veli Palatinin Palatoglossus palatopharyngeus musculus uvulae
Levator Veli palatini is innervated by what
vagus
tensor veli palatini is innervated by waht
CNV3
All muscles of the palate are innervated by ___ except for ___
X
tensor veli palatini -CNV3
action of levator veli and tensor veli
elevate/tense soft palate
actions of palatoglossus and pharyngeus
depress soft palate
descending palatine artery goes through which foramen in ptyerygoid fossa
palatine canal
greater/lesser palatine artery go through which holes to get to palate
greater/less palatine canals
greater palatine anastamoses with which artery in which canal
sphenopalatine
incisive canal
nasopalatine nerve goes through which opening and innervates what
incisive canal
area of palate posterior to teeth
blood supply/ innervation to soft palate
lesser palatine artery/nerve
What passes through 2 holes in thyrohyoid membrane
sup. laryngeal vessels
internal laryngeal branch of superior laryngeal
lateral boundary of laryngeal inlet
aryepiglottic folds
posterior boundary of laryngeal inlet
interarytenoid notch
larynx superior to vocal folds is innervated by what
internal branch of superior laryngeal
larynx inferior to vocal folds and vocal folds are innervated by what
recurrent
All intrinsic muscles of larynx are innervated by ____ except for ____ which is innervated by
recurrent branch
cricothyroid’
external branch of superior laryngeal
superior and inferior laryngeal arteries arise from
superior and inferior thyroid
inferior laryngeal artery travels with
recurrent nerve
pterygomaxillary fissure connects what and what
infratemporal fossa and pterygopalatine fossa
sphenopalatine foramen b/w
PP fossa and nasal cavity
maxillary nerve enters pterygopalatine fossa via which foramen
foramen rotundum
sphenoid sinus drains into
the spenoethmoidal recess
what drains into the superior nasal meatus?
posterior ethmoid cells
frontal sinuses darin into which meatus
middle via frontonasal duct
infections of which sinus can spread to the orbit
ethmoid
where do the anterior and middle ethmoid air cells drain?
middle meatus
maxillary sinuses drain where
middle meatus via semilunar hiatus
opthalmic artery is branch of which major artery and gives off which branches that supply anterior nose
internal carotid –anterior and posterior ethmoidal
which artery supplies the posterior nasal cavity and it is branch of which major artery
sphenopalatine
maxillary
septal branch that provides blood to the nasal vestibule/septum is a branch of which major artery
facial / ECA
facial vein drains to the..
IJV
ethmoidal veins drain to the
cavernou sinus
sphenopalatine drain to the
pterygoid plexus in infra temp. fossal
V1 aka
opthalmic nerve
