Quiz 4 Flashcards
Jails in michigan are maintained by the
County
Jails are used for
pretrial detention, transportation to other prison and jails, and can be sentenced there
Greater instability is in ____
Jails compared to prison
Prisons are maintained by
Department of corrections
Jails are maintained by the
deputy sheriffs, so harder to control and not adequately trained/maintained
More people go through____ on a given year than____
Jail, prison
Social Sanitation
Taking the undesirables off of the straight, out of public and holding them there
Jails become dumping grounds for people we are mad at or people we dont like
Highest peak in jail population was in ____ with ____ incarcerated
Population decline from peak in 2008 (785,533)
Average daily count in jail
Average daily count 731,208
Average yearly admissions in jail
11.7 million yearly admissions
Incarceration rate in jail per 100,000
231 inmates per 100,000 U.S. residents.
___ percent of inmates who were not convicted
62%
____percent of inmates were sentenced offenders or convicted offenders awaiting sentencing
38%
Jail is ___ men
86%
Race of people in jail
Whites 47%, blacks 36%, and Hispanics 15%.`
Nearly ____ are estimated to have a serious mental illness – 15% of men, 31% of women
17%
Rate of mental illness is ____ higher than among persons not in criminal justice system.
3-6x
About ____ of jail prisoners who were identified as having a mental illness also met the criteria for substance abuse or dependence.
75%
Number of prisoners in jail has ____ since 2000
Risen
Percentage of whites in jail has _____ over time, while black and latino population has ______ since 2000
increased, decreased
Separation from family
Very abrupt - no time to prepare for child care and other household factors
Limited Participation in Legal Defense
Restricted in access to attorney, phone calls, and preparation for an adequate defense
Individuals who are incarcerated are _____ to be convicted than those who have been released on bail prior to trial
More likely (dobra)
In 2010, the price to taxpayers was ____ to house state and federal prisoners of 40 states surveyed by Vera Institutes of Justice
$39 billion
Total costs of prisons in michigan
State costs: 1.3 billion
Average cost per inmate per year in Michigan
28,117
Daily average population of prisoners in Michigan
45,096
Minimum security Prisons
Pose least risk to the outside community
Cheapest to build and to maintain
Medium Security Prisons
Most commonly used
Entry level for most prisoners with no violent record
Entry point for most prisoners
Super Maximum Security Prisons
If you have become a threat to yourself and other prisoners and staff, you go here.
Most expensive
More correctional officers
Mentally ill prisoners sent here
Sykes - Pains of Imprisonment
Deprivation of liberty Deprivation of goods and services Deprivation of heterosexual relationships Deprivation of autonomy Deprivation of security
___ of all people currently incarcerated will be released to the streets
98%
Prisonization
Process of socialization and institutionalization into the prison system and environment
Subcultures of Prisonization - Importation
Bringing an identity from the outside into the inside, ig: gang affiliation, religion
Deprivation
Being kept from certain things, like heterosexual relationships, and coping with that deprivation and finding it somewhere else
Motives and Goals - Instrumental Violence
Incentive Motivated Aggression
There is a purpose behind it. Intentional, deliberate.
Motives and Goals - Expressive Violence
Annoyance-motivated aggression
Impulsive, spur of the moment, not guided by rationality. Spontaneous.
In men’s prisons, around ____ of those there are for violent crimes
50%
In women’s prisons, around ____ of those are there for violent crimes
1/3
Attica (1971)
Overcrowding
Urban, minority prisoners
Placed in prison during civil rights movements with thoughts and attitudes of CR movement
Rural, white staff
Riot ensued after prisoner’s demands for better conditions were ignored
32 prisoners, 9 guards killed
Instrumental violence
Sante Fe (1980)
Understaffed
Drugs and alcohol
Snitches
expressive violence
The Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 (PREA, P.L. 108-79)
The act aimed to curb prison rape through a “zero-tolerance” policy, as well as through research and information gathering.
The act called for developing national standards to prevent incidents of sexual violence in prison. It also made policies more available and obvious.
By making data on prison rape more available to the prison administrators as well as making corrections facilities more accountable for incidents pertaining to sexual violence and of prison rape it would more than likely decrease the crimes
PREA: In 2011–12, an estimated ____ of state and federal prison inmates and ____ of jail inmates reported experiencing one or more incidents of sexual victimization by another inmate or facility staff in the past 12 months or since admission to the facility, if less than 12 months
4%, 3.2%
PREA: Among state and federal prison inmates,____(or an estimated 29,300 prisoners) reported an incident involving another inmate, ____ (34,100) reported an incident involving facility staff, and 0.4% (5,500) reported both an incident by another inmate and staff
2%, 2.4%
PREA: From 2007 to 2011–12, reports of “willing” sexual activity with staff (excluding touching) ______ in prisons and jails, while reports of other types of sexual victimization remained stable
Declined
PREA: Among non-heterosexual inmates, ____ of prisoners and ____ of jail inmates reported being sexually victimized by another inmate; 5.4% of prisoners and 4.3% of jail inmates reported being victimized by staff
12.2%, 8.5%
Violence Reducing Measures
Staff Training
Screening and Classification of Prisoners
Architecture - give less privacy to prisoners to reduce victimization
Since peaking in 1999, death penalty executions have been _____
declining
Race of defendants executed
56% white, 34% black
Race of victims in death penalty cases
76% white
Over ____ of the murder victims in cases resulting in an execution were white, even though nationally only ____of murder victims generally are white
75%, 50%
Death Row inmates by Race
43% white, 42% black
Death sentences per year has _____ since 1999
dropped dramatically
We pay around ____ per person on death row
3 million
____ of the counties are the only ones actually using the death penalty
2%
We have had _____ cases from 1976 and 2013 where someone has been exonerated from the death penalty
143
Atkins v. Virginia
Cannot execute someone who is mentally disabled
Gregg v. Georgia 76
Reaffirmed the use of the death penalty in the united states. Established four criteria:
1. No automatic sentenced to death: bifurcated trial (Guilt/innocence and sentencing)
2.
3.
4.
Furman v. Georgia 72
Death penalty is arbitrary and capricious, death penalty is overturned. Everyone on death row is commuted to life in prison.
