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Science Quiz > Quiz 4/19 > Flashcards

Quiz 4/19 Flashcards

Genes, Mutations, RNA, DNA

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Asexual Reproduction

A

Quick reproduction with limited genetic diversity

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2
Q

Meiosis

A

Cell division producing gametes with half chromosomes

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3
Q

Recessive Alleles

A

Expressed only with two copies, overridden by dominant

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4
Q

Gene-Environment Interaction

A

Environmental factors modifying gene expression

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5
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Offspring with genetic material from two parents

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6
Q

Mutations

A

Changes in DNA sequence, can be beneficial or harmful

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7
Q

Translation

A

Using RNA to build proteins from amino acids

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8
Q

Identical Twin Studies

A

Comparing genetic and environmental influences on traits

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9
Q

Pros of asexual reproduction

A
  • The process of reproduction is rapid.
  • A big number of organisms can be produced in very less time.
  • Positive genetic influences pass on to successive generations.
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10
Q

Cloning

A

Creating genetically identical organisms

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11
Q

Copying genetic info from DNA to RNA

A

Transcription

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12
Q

Transcription

A

Copying genetic info from DNA to RNA

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13
Q

Are mutations always bad?

A

No. Mutations can be helpful when adapting to a new environment.

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14
Q

Genetic Testing

A

Identifying genotype based on observed phenotype

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15
Q

Punnett Squares

A

Predicting offspring genotypes and phenotypes

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16
Q

What is the outcome of meiosis?

A

Four genetically unique gametes

17
Q

Protein Synthesis

A

Process of building proteins from RNA instructions

18
Q

Phenotype

A

Observable traits determined by genotype

19
Q

What is the outcome of mutations?

A

A genetic disorder, or a better adaptation to the environment.

20
Q

DNA

A

Genetic material determining traits and characteristics

21
Q

Homozygous

A

Two identical alleles for a gene

22
Q

Nondisjunction

A

Improper chromosome separation leading to disorders

23
Q

Heterozygous

A

Two different alleles for a gene

24
Q

Heredity

A

Passing traits from parents to offspring

25
Q

How is genetic variation introduced through meiosis?

A

Independent assortment, and crossing over.

26
Q

Codons

A

Three-letter RNA sequences coding for amino acids

27
Q

Pros of sexual reproduction

A
  • Increased genetic variability.
  • Resilience to infectious diseases.
  • Decreased genetic disorders.
  • Increased evolutionary fitness.
28
Q

Cons of asexual reproduction

A
  • Lack of diversity
29
Q

Cons of sexual reproduction

A
  • Fewer offspring are produced.
  • Reproduction is not always successful.
  • Favorable genes may not be passed down to the offspring.
30
Q

Dominant Alleles

A

Expressed with one or two copies, override recessive

31
Q

What does DNA code for?

A

Shape of DNA, nucleotide structure, base-pair rule.

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