quiz #4 Flashcards
secularism
a movement away from teaching traditional religious values. excluding religion from public life and the shape of social policies
schism
a “break” that occurs within a religion over differences in the spiritual interpretation, the split between the catholic and orthodox churches in the 10th century and the split between catholic and protestants believers in the 16th century would constitute a schism
totemism
worshipping an animal or natural objects as the mystical ancestor of all creation. a practice found in tribal societies
deism
a philosophical position that “an indifferent god created the universe” and established rationally comprehensive moral and natural laws. Deists believe that god doesn’t intervene in human affairs through Miracles or supernatural revelation. god simply created the world and left humanity to mange it by giving humans reason and intellect to govern themselves.
faith
to believe in the existence of something that can not be verified through the process of empirical or scientific analysis
fundamentalism
a movement that emphasizes a return back to spiritual values and religious teachings. Example introducing prayer back into public schools
religion extremism
a belief in and support for ideas and actions that are very far from what most people (spiritual or otherwise) consider correct or reasonable. justifying acts of violence and murder in the name of faith
sacred objects
a book or relic that has special meaning to believers
Dogma
this is believed to be a “spiritual truth” that cannot be altered or interpreted differently. one cant redefine christianity or islam
Karl Marx
created the conflict theory perspective on religion. he believed that religion is an “instrument of deception “ used by the “ruling class”
reincarnation
the religious doctrine of several religions, including hinduism and buddhism. It is believed that after death, human beings are born again in this world or in other worlds as humans, or other creatures.
civil religion
a belied that the “deity” becomes part of a “nations identity” example: god favors the United States over other nations
magic
the manipulation of “spiritual forces” controlled by the shamen
ecclesia
exists when there is no distinction between the legal authority of church and state. religious and state law become one and the same
shaman
curandero is a mystical healer that is believed to have “unique abilities” that allows them to either heal the sick, or punish ones enemies. shame or medicine men are common in indigenous cultures around the world
cosmology
a united vision of religion. combing all religions as one from the same origin. most people disagree with this conclusion
sect
a religious organization that doesn’t seek accommodation with the larger society. they feel that the larger organized churches are “out of synch” with the true teachings of their faith. Example the amish tradition
spirituality
the inner feeling, thoughts, experiences, and behaviors related to the soul or the spirit on a quest to find or to be one with that which is defined as the sacred.(ex: a divine entity, or ultimate reality) it is often a personal journey to seek the inner meaning of who we are in relation to the universe around us.
humanism
a historical movement that rejects creationism and embraces a system of values and beliefs based only on the present and visible world without any reference to god and the supernatural. its focus is to celebrate the “human potential and empirical science to explain and understand all things” ex: the celebration of earth day
max weber
A sociological concept developed by Max Weber, which explains how Protestant values, such as hard work, discipline, and frugality, contributed to the development of modern capitalism. Weber argued that these values, rooted in the belief that prosperity was a sign of God’s favor, influenced societal attitudes toward work and economic success.
social adaptation
Religion can be an agent of socialization
supernatural
a belief in the existence of spiritual entities not explainable by the known forces or laws of nature. believing in ghosts or “the paranormal” is considered to be outside the parameters of traditional faith
cult or (N.R.M)
are an entirely new religious organization with beliefs outside the parameters of traditional faith.they often exist in a “state of tension” with the rest of society
heresy
considered to be an “invalid conclusion” to a spiritual belief.{to believe in any variation of a “dogma” would constitute a heresy}
animism
the belief that all living things on the planet are spiritually connected. according to this belief: there is a “life force” that bonds all things together. humans, animals, plants,tress, as well as everything else in this world creates an “energy” essential for the continuation of life on this planet as we know it
religion
is a social institution that involves a set of shared beliefs, values and practices related to the supernatural. its a declaration of faith regarding questions of ultimate meaning. it unites a community of believers.
