quiz #4

Question 1

secularism

Answer 1

a movement away from teaching traditional religious values. excluding religion from public life and the shape of social policies

Question 2

schism

Answer 2

a “break” that occurs within a religion over differences in the spiritual interpretation, the split between the catholic and orthodox churches in the 10th century and the split between catholic and protestants believers in the 16th century would constitute a schism

Question 3

totemism

Answer 3

worshipping an animal or natural objects as the mystical ancestor of all creation. a practice found in tribal societies

Question 4

deism

Answer 4

a philosophical position that “an indifferent god created the universe” and established rationally comprehensive moral and natural laws. Deists believe that god doesn’t intervene in human affairs through Miracles or supernatural revelation. god simply created the world and left humanity to mange it by giving humans reason and intellect to govern themselves.

Question 5

faith

Answer 5

to believe in the existence of something that can not be verified through the process of empirical or scientific analysis

Question 6

fundamentalism

Answer 6

a movement that emphasizes a return back to spiritual values and religious teachings. Example introducing prayer back into public schools

Question 7

religion extremism

Answer 7

a belief in and support for ideas and actions that are very far from what most people (spiritual or otherwise) consider correct or reasonable. justifying acts of violence and murder in the name of faith

Question 8

sacred objects

Answer 8

a book or relic that has special meaning to believers

Question 9

Dogma

Answer 9

this is believed to be a “spiritual truth” that cannot be altered or interpreted differently. one cant redefine christianity or islam

Question 10

Karl Marx

Answer 10

created the conflict theory perspective on religion. he believed that religion is an “instrument of deception “ used by the “ruling class”

Question 11

reincarnation

Answer 11

the religious doctrine of several religions, including hinduism and buddhism. It is believed that after death, human beings are born again in this world or in other worlds as humans, or other creatures.

Question 12

civil religion

Answer 12

a belied that the “deity” becomes part of a “nations identity” example: god favors the United States over other nations

Question 13

magic

Answer 13

the manipulation of “spiritual forces” controlled by the shamen

Question 14

ecclesia

Answer 14

exists when there is no distinction between the legal authority of church and state. religious and state law become one and the same

Question 15

shaman

Answer 15

curandero is a mystical healer that is believed to have “unique abilities” that allows them to either heal the sick, or punish ones enemies. shame or medicine men are common in indigenous cultures around the world

Question 16

cosmology

Answer 16

a united vision of religion. combing all religions as one from the same origin. most people disagree with this conclusion

Question 17

sect

Answer 17

a religious organization that doesn’t seek accommodation with the larger society. they feel that the larger organized churches are “out of synch” with the true teachings of their faith. Example the amish tradition

Question 18

spirituality

Answer 18

the inner feeling, thoughts, experiences, and behaviors related to the soul or the spirit on a quest to find or to be one with that which is defined as the sacred.(ex: a divine entity, or ultimate reality) it is often a personal journey to seek the inner meaning of who we are in relation to the universe around us.

Question 19

humanism

Answer 19

a historical movement that rejects creationism and embraces a system of values and beliefs based only on the present and visible world without any reference to god and the supernatural. its focus is to celebrate the “human potential and empirical science to explain and understand all things” ex: the celebration of earth day

Question 20

max weber

Answer 20

A sociological concept developed by Max Weber, which explains how Protestant values, such as hard work, discipline, and frugality, contributed to the development of modern capitalism. Weber argued that these values, rooted in the belief that prosperity was a sign of God’s favor, influenced societal attitudes toward work and economic success.

Question 21

social adaptation

Answer 21

Religion can be an agent of socialization

Question 22

supernatural

Answer 22

a belief in the existence of spiritual entities not explainable by the known forces or laws of nature. believing in ghosts or “the paranormal” is considered to be outside the parameters of traditional faith

Question 23

cult or (N.R.M)

Answer 23

are an entirely new religious organization with beliefs outside the parameters of traditional faith.they often exist in a “state of tension” with the rest of society

Question 24

heresy

Answer 24

considered to be an “invalid conclusion” to a spiritual belief.{to believe in any variation of a “dogma” would constitute a heresy}

Question 25

animism

Answer 25

the belief that all living things on the planet are spiritually connected. according to this belief: there is a “life force” that bonds all things together. humans, animals, plants,tress, as well as everything else in this world creates an “energy” essential for the continuation of life on this planet as we know it

Question 26

religion

Answer 26

is a social institution that involves a set of shared beliefs, values and practices related to the supernatural. its a declaration of faith regarding questions of ultimate meaning. it unites a community of believers.