Quiz 4 Flashcards
Heat increases what kind of energy?
kinetic
The rate of a reaction is proportional to the ?
number of collisions per unit time
Activation Energy
minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction
numeric representation of the energy barrier
Transition State
unstable high energy state
Higher the temperature, the faster?
the rate of drug degradation
The lower the activation energy, the faster the?
rate
Arrhenius equation
effect of temperature on reaction rates
assumes reaction order and mechanism are the same
Kinetic results obtained by studies at higher temperatures can be used to determine?
rate of drug degradation
shelf-life
Accelerated Stability Testing
predicts stability of drug products
establishes a quantitative relationship between T and K
Catalysts
lower Ea of a reaction
is not consumed
does not change the equilibrium of a system
Is there a general trend of the effect of pH on reaction catalysis?
no
Specific acid catalysis
occurs when [H3O^+] appears in the rate law
Specific base catalysis
occurs when [OH^-] appears in the rate law
What can effect the Kobs in general acid catalysis?
[H3O^+]
undissociated acids
What can effect the Kobs in general base catalysis?
[OH^-]
base salts in the buffer
A general acid catalysis is made of a ?
weak acid and a conjugate base
Roux-en-Y
gastric bypass the decreases stomach size and length of intestines, and results in significant weight loss
Fentanyl Patch
controlled release mechanism with topical application
great alternative for long-acting pain management in end of life care
ensure to rotate site of patch application
do not use near heating pads/blankets
Why does the Deposit-Provera injection work?
microcrystal suspension has low solubility which allows the drug to be slowly released over several months
Nuvaring
vaginal ring that allows for lower doses, steady drug levels, and less frequent administration
left in vagina for 3 weeks.
Pediatric dosage forms
chewable tablets - not for <2 years old
oral liquids- more than 2.5 mL difficult to administer
ODT- must be small and have neutral taste
Stimulus causes sodium influx which causes an?
action potential
Aromatic rings improve what kind of solubility that affects potency?
lipid
lower pKa means a x proportion of the medication in a lipophilic tertiary state can penetrate into the nerve
greater
Amide or ester linkage relate to
metabolism
Higher affinity for protein binding correlates with a ?
longer duration of action
MOA
blocks both the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses by decreasing the neuronal membrane’s permeability to sodium ions
results in inhibition of depolarization with resultant blockade of conduction
Most anesthetics are marketed in a solution with a pH of ?
5-7
Why do we not use multi dose vials for spinal anesthesia?
preservative in them may cause osmotic changes, swelling, and damage to spinal cord
vasoconstrictors will decrease
blood flow
Bupivacain liposomal 1.3% suspension
colloidal preparation
lasts up to 72 hours
cannot contact antiseptics
should be administered no sooner than after 20 minutes after the injection of lidocaine
IV injection of topi vaccine or bupivacaine can lead to ?
seizures, severe cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, or death
exogenous lipids provide an alternative source of binding known as ?
the lipid sink effect
What are good predictors of success when using lipid therapy?
high lipid partition constant and large volumes of distribution
