Quiz 3 study guide Flashcards
Obesity stats in elementary school and past 30 years
Obesity is increasing for middle childhood. 15-20% of elementary children are overweight or obese. In 30 years obesity is up 90%
Physical education drop and television percents
80-8% drop in physical education between 1969 and 2005. Television plays a role in obesity with at least 2 hours a day. Children who watch 3 hours a day gained 40% more fat than children who watched 1 ½. The gene FTO increases risk for obesity
Strategies against obesity
Top strategies for obesity: Importance of planning and preparation. Preparing meals ahead of time. Let children cook (teaches math and reading and measurments), these children can do this theyre old enough to do everything with supervision. Try to do physical activities. Model healthy food. Let children do physical activities in school.
ADHD stats
7% diagnosed from pediatrician
Selective attention- cant multi task
90% use medication but treatment with medicine is btter
Boys twice as likely
Mnemonics
memorization strategies such as rehearsal, organization, and elaboration
Metamory
understanding how memory works
Elaboration
making words into easier things to remember. EGBDF (Every good boy does fine).
Rehearsal
repeating information over and over
Organization
grouping up things so they are easier to memorize. Catergory acts as a retrieval cue so that if the category is remembered so will all the items be remembered
Seriation
Arrange things in logical order
Classification
More categories for one thing
Transitivity
Relationship between seriation (height- shortest to tallest) and logical inferences.
Critiques of intelligence testing as they relate to culture
Mental age divided by chronological age times 100 is how its made.
Two main criticisms- does not consider creativity and culturally biased
Kohlberg’s Level 1 (Pre-Conventional)
(external rewards shape morality) 1. Obedience and punishment orientation (How can I avoid punishment?) 2. Self-interest orientation (What's in it for me?) (Paying for a benefit)
Kohlberg’s Level 2 (Conventional)
(define what’s right and wrong because of rules)
3. Interpersonal accord and conformity
(Social norms)
(The good boy/girl attitude)
4. Authority and social-order maintaining orientation
(Law and order morality)
Kohlberg’s Level 3 (Post-Conventional)
(there is rules but also gray zones) 5. Social contract orientation 6. Universal ethical principles (Principled conscience) Ex: shouldn’t steal unless you have to live
Mood during Middle Childhood – how does mood compare to prior and later developmental stages
Happier than adolesences. 28-30% of the time theyre very happy.
Self esteem
overall worth and well being
Self concept
what you identify with or what you identify with (how you answer when people ask who you are) Ex: middle childhood says they like painting even though they aren’t good. Asian countries are less prideful than america
Self efficacy
changes depending on context (confidence in acitivities)
Social cognition
ability to think logically about things
Emotion changes in middle childhood
Children aware of emotions and the cause of them. Also better at dealing with emotions. Aware of others emotions especially close family and friends.
Popular peers
friendly and not disliked. Large number of social skills. Good listeners. Positive reinforcement of behavior. Communication of disapproval. Tend to be happy kids.
Controversial
best friend and someone you really don’t like. Charismatic. Leadership skills. If your their friend they’re awesome but if not you hate them. Can be bullies.
Neglected
kids don’t know who they are. Not in a bad way just they are shy or over looked. They lack social skills and need just a few friends and they will be okay.
Rejected
peers that are kicked out of groups. They are conflictual and wan things their way. Aggressive to show needs. If they group up together they become worse. Kids turn into bullies (bullies= aggressive in verbal or physical, repetitive, and power imbalance).
Parenting in Middle Childhood : co –regulation, what parenting strategies work during this time period
Co regulation- parents provide broad sense of guidelines and have much freedom. (you can do all this but you have to clean after). Super strict parents are not good.
After school activities because there is a lot of time after school
Puberty facts to know
Androgen for boys
Hormones cause emotional swings partially
Stress, overweight, and genetics cause early puberty
Differences in outcomes for late vs early maturers for girls and boys
Early girls- compared to people around you. Most problematic. More risk for teen pregnancy, lack of support, depression, eating disorders, older girls as friends-substance abuse
Late girls- lots of support, normal rate compared to boys, girls already happened. No problems
Early boys- beneficial to self esteem, more popular athletic, attractive
Late boys- last ones to go through it, bullied, self contious, shy. Once done itll be fine though
Eating disorders – symptoms and prevalence
60% of girls think they weight to much and 30% of boys
90% of eating disorders with females
20% of girls in high school engage in eating disorders
Anorexia- 85% under BMI
Belemia- more common and its binge eating and then getting rid of it
Piaget – formal operations, meta cognition and hypothetical deductive thinking
12 to adulthood
Complete tasks and problems with multiple variables
Scientific thinking and cognitive skills
Meta cognition- ability to think about thinking
Hypothetical- imagine experiences without living it.
Meta cognition
is thinking about thnking. Trying to figure out why they thing the way they do. Wonder if others think if they do
Adolescent egocentrism
inability that someone has a different view, but for adolescences believe theyre more correct
Imaginary audience
they believe everyone is watching them and judging them. Source of insecurity
Perosnal fable
their lives are so unique that their lives cannot be lived or understood by anyone else.
Invicibility fable
believe that they wont experience risk. They are lucky in a way (I wont have sex without a condom because its just one time)
Crisis and commitment
knowing who you are. trying out new things like clothes and friends. Not a negative thing. Crisis can help determine who you are
Identity diffusion
no crisis or exploration or commitment. No idea who they are and don’t care.
Identity foreclosure
commitment without crisis. Kids take suggestions without experience and mainly do what their parents say. Ill be a doctor because my dad and mom are.
Identity moratorium
Active exploration. No commitment. (changing majors)
Identity achievement
Crisis and commitment. Can answer who we are what we want and why.
Four types of substance abuse
Experimental- wanna find out
Sociatal- everyone else was
Medical- self medicate
Addictive- withdrawl. Need it
Depression
increase to 13-15%. More likely in girls than boys. Sadness is not depression.
Hyperstress precursers
adolescences use cutting as a overload of stress. Coping skills can be taught. Need emotional response
Dissociation precusors
they don’t feel emotions and they cut to feel an emotion. Intervention is difficult and there is trauma. Last sub category is social reasons. One kid cuts and others see and hear and will do it. Cut for several years
