Quiz #3 Review Flashcards
Describe what H.M. could and couldn’t do in terms of memory.
H.M’s hippocampus was removed so he could Recall old memories from before the surgery, and Experience classical conditioning, operant conditioning, motor learning. H.M however, could not learn new facts, remember new locations, or Remember new details about his life.
Define afferent and efferent.
Afferent means sensory whereas Efferent means motor.
Describe the general functions of the somatic vs autonomic nervous systems.
The general differences between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems are the somatic nervous system is responsible for sensory and motor control. Whereas the autonomic nervous system handles automatic systems such as maintaining bodily functions and emotional responses.
Describe the effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
The effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are the parasympathetic is rest and digest and the sympathetic is fight of flight. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for things like preventing digestion, dilating pupils, and releasing adrenaline, whereas the parasympathetic is responsible for improving digestion, slow and deep breathing and muscle relaxation.
Compare and contrast the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems (including their NTs).
Compare and contrast the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system and their neurotransmitters, essentially the sympathetic is chaos mode it gets you ready for a fear inducing response it’s a survival so it stops digestion, dilates pupils, tenses muscles, heavies breathing to get ready for a survival response and during this time it produces norepinephrine, whereas the parasympathetic is the opposite and calms the body down improving digestions, relaxing muscles, slowing and deepening breathing, aiding in cell regeneration and during this it produces acetylcholine.
List the risks of long term stress.
The risks of long term stress are as follows: Heart disease, including high blood pressure, illnesses such as colds due to decreased immune functions, ulcers and other digestive symptoms, infertility, and forgetfulness.
Amygdala
Regulates emotions, especially fear, (Anxiety)
Hippocampus
Memory formation (Damaged in Alzheimer’s Disease)
Nucleus Accumbens
Reward, and Associated with substance use.
Cingulate Gyrus
Emotional processing, and Pain, especially the emotional component of pain.
Basal Ganglia
Movement (Damaged in Huntington’s Disease)
Thalamus
Relay for the senses
Hypothalamus
Endocrine regulation, thirst, hunger, reproduction.
Pituitary Gland
Primary endocrine gland, susceptible to tumors. There is an anterior pituitary and a posterior pituitary.
Pineal Gland
Releases melatonin during the night, Induces sleep, Involved in daily and annual rhythms.
Substantia Nigra
Movement, Releases Dopamine NT (Dies in Parkinson’s Disease).
Ventral Tegmental Area
Part of the reward system, releases dopamine.
Periaqueductal Gray
Pain relief
Superior Colliculus
Vision, Blindsight
Inferior Colliculus
Hearing
Pons
Sleep, Dreaming
Cerebellum
Balance, coordination, motor learning (CEREBELLAR HYPOPLASIA)
Reticular Formation
Sleep and wakefulness/arousal
Raphe Nuclei
Releases Serotonin
Locus Coeruleus
Releases norepinephrine
Medulla Oblongata
Breathing
I
(Olfactory Nerve) Smell
II
(Optic Nerve) Vision
V
(Trigeminal Nerve) Touch on Face
VIII
(Vestibulocochlear) Hearing
X
(Vagus) Parasympathetic Control
Cervical
Neck Area
Thoracic
Chest Area
Lumbar
Lower Back Area
Sacral
Between The Hips Area
