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Systematic Entomology > Quiz 3 - Polyneoptera (Dermaptera, Zoraptera, Plecoptera, Orthoptera, Embioptera, Phasmatodea, Mantodea, Blattodea) > Flashcards

Quiz 3 - Polyneoptera (Dermaptera, Zoraptera, Plecoptera, Orthoptera, Embioptera, Phasmatodea, Mantodea, Blattodea) Flashcards

1
Q

Dermaptera features

A 
Monofiliform antennae
Prognathous mandibulate mandibles
Short leathery FW
HW semicirular and pleated
Tarsi 3 segmented
Forcep cerci, straight in females, curved or asymmetrical in males
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2
Q

Dermaptera family

A

Forficulidae - common/European earwig

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3
Q

Forficulidae

A

Dermaptera

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4
Q

Dermaptera meaning

A

skin wings

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5
Q

Dermaptera tidbits

A

Females are subsocial - care for young, but will eat them if they stay too long
Scavengers and herbivores, rarely predatory
Rarely parasitic (bats and rodents)
Vivipary - give birth to live nymphs
Occasional ornamental damage
Some have defensive glands that squirt noxious liquid
European earwig introduced 1900, responsible for economic loss

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6
Q

Zoraptera morphology

A 
< 3mm softbodied
Wings often absent - reduced venation when present
Cerci present - 1 segmented
Mandibles, hypognathous
Antennae 9 segments
Tarsi 2 segments
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7
Q

Zoraptera tidbits

A

Rotting wood, under bark, piles of old sawdust
Live in small aggregations
Scavenge fungi and occasional mites
Third smallest insect order
Found living in nests of termites and mammals

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8
Q

Zoraptera name meaning

A

pure wingless - named before spp with wings were discovered

Angel insects

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9
Q

Plecoptera meaning

A

Folded wing, pleated hind wings which fold under the fw when the insect is at rest

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10
Q

Plecoptera tidbits

A

Earliest group of Neoptera
Evolutionary “dead end”
Naiads
EPT index
Oxygen diffuses through the exoskeleton or into tracheal gills located on the thorax, behind the head or around the anus
Mostly herbivorous naiads, some predators
Mostly univoltine
Adults live 1-4 weeks (most nonfunctional mouthparts)

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11
Q

Plecoptera features (naiads)

A

Filiform long antennae
Flat body, legs widely separated
Gills on THORAX - tufts behind head, base of legs, around anus (not along abdomen like mayflies)
Thorax looks like it’s in segments - large dorsal sclerites on thorax
TWO cerci

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12
Q

Plecoptera features (adults)

A

Long filiform antennae
Membranous wings - crossveins form distinctive boxes near center of FW
FW long and narrow
HW shorter than FW, basal area of HW enlarged and pleated
Long cerci

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13
Q

Plecoptera families

A

Perlidae
Perlodidae
Capniidae
Nemouridae

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14
Q

Perlidae

A

Common stonefly
largest family
Predatory - uneven glossae (shorter) and paraglossae (longer)
Gills are present and branched on thorax!
Classic coloration

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15
Q

Perlodidae

A

Perlids
Predatory - uneven paraglossae and glossae (labium)
Gills on thorax unbranched or absent
Classic coloration
Terminal segment of the maxillary palpus just slightly thinner than the preceding segment

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16
Q

Capniidae

A 
Winter stoneflies!
Smaller
Detritivores - even glossae and paraglossae
No thoracic or abdominal gills
Long abdomen
Hind legs shorter than abdomen
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17
Q

Nemouridae

A

Brown stoneflies
Shredders/detritivores - glossae and paraglossae are even
Short abdomen, hind legs are longer
Some with neck gills

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18
Q

Orthoptera meaning

A

straight wing

Structure of tegmina around abdomen

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19
Q

Orthoptera suborders

A

Ensifera

Caelifera

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20
Q

Ensifera families

A

Gryllidae
Gryllotalpidae
Rhaphidophoridae
Tettigonidae

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21
Q

Caelifera

A

Acrididae

Tetrigidae

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22
Q

Gryllidae

A

True crickets
Females have cyllindrical or needle shaped ovipositor
Produce rapid chirping or trilling sounds

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23
Q

Gryllotalpidae

A

Mole crickets

Fossorial front legs

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24
Q

Raphidophoridae

A

Cave and camel crickets

Hump backed

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25
Q

Tettigonidae

A 
Katydids and co
Long horned bbs
Both sexes make sounds
Blade like ovipositor
Many are arboreal, some pests
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26
Q

Acrididae

A

Short horned grasshoppers

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27
Q

Tetrigidae

A

Pygmy grasshoppers

Pronotum extends to the back of the abdomen

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28
Q

Plecoptera tidbits - drumming

A

In some species males attract females by drumming abdomen on substrate
Stonefly eggs are coated wtih a sticky slime that adheres to rockes and keeps the eggs from washing away
A secondarily wingless species - depths of lake tahoe

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29
Q

Orthoptera tidbits

A

Tegmina - outer wings
Regarded as a dominant group in most terrestrial habitats
Middle of carboniferous period
Economic issue
Saltatorial hind legs
Tympanal organs
Crickets - tibia of front legs
grasshoppers - sides of the first abdominal segment
Stridulation
Temperature reading - add 40 to number of chirps/15 secs is temp

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30
Q

Embioptera meaning

A

Webspinners

lively wings - first male specimen found

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31
Q

Phasmatodea meaning

A

Phasm - phantom

cryptic appearance and behavior

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32
Q

Diapheromeridae

A

Walking stick with 19 sp in north america

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33
Q

Mantodea families

A

Mantidae

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34
Q

Blattodea families

A

Blattidae
Blattellidae
Rhinotermitidae

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35
Q

Blattidae

A

Oriental and American cockroach
Female subgenital plate is divided
Spines on front femur decrease in size from base to apex

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36
Q

Blattellidae

A

German cockroach
Female subgenital plate is not divided
Asymmetrical subgenital plate/styli

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37
Q

Rhinotermitidae

A

Termites

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38
Q

Brachypterous

A
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39
Q

Telson

A
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40
Q

Hemocoel/Hemolymph

A
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41
Q

Lobopodus

A
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42
Q

Tagmata

A
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43
Q

Prosoma

A
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44
Q

Opisthosoma

A
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45
Q

Carapace

A
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46
Q

Malpighian tubules

A
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47
Q

Fontanelle

A
48
Q

Hemocyanin

A
49
Q

Scutem

A
50
Q

Capitulum

A
51
Q

Hypostome

A
52
Q

Pedipalps

A
53
Q

Pedicel

A
54
Q

Metamerism

A
55
Q

Chelate

A
56
Q

Uniramous

A
57
Q

Biramous

A
58
Q

Nauplius larvae

A
59
Q

Parthenogenesis

A
60
Q

Monocondylic

A
61
Q

Dicondylic

A
62
Q

Epimorphic

A
63
Q

Anamorphic

A
64
Q

Furculum

A
65
Q

Retinaculum

A
66
Q

Collophore

A
67
Q

Automy

A
68
Q

Crypsis

A
69
Q

Cryptobiosis

A
70
Q

Tegmina

A
71
Q

Cerci

A
72
Q

Tympanal organs

A
73
Q

Glossae/Paraglossae

A
74
Q

Pheromone

A
75
Q

Kairomone

A
76
Q

Allomone

A
77
Q

Synomone

A
78
Q

Protocerebrum

A
79
Q

Deutocerebrum

A
80
Q

Tritocerebrum

A
81
Q

Irritability

A
82
Q

Proximate

A
83
Q

Ultimate

A
84
Q

4 levels of behavior analysis

A
85
Q

Synapomorphy

A
86
Q

Apomorphy

A
87
Q

Plesiomorphy

A
88
Q

Monophyletic

A
89
Q

Paraphyletic

A
90
Q

Polyphyletic

A
91
Q

Homology

A
92
Q

Direct vs. Indirect sexual reproduction

A
93
Q

Asexual reproduction

A
94
Q

Thelytoky

A

Females are produced from unfertilized eggs

95
Q

Amphitoky

A

Females and males are produced from unfertilized eggs

96
Q

Arrhenotoky

A

Haplodiploidy

97
Q

Wolbachia

A

Kills male embryos

98
Q

Gynandromorphs

A

Male and female

99
Q

Body plan

A

Homeotic genes 1995
major axes
bicoid (head or tail?)
morphogens (embryonic organizer cells)

100
Q

Oviparous

A

eggs

101
Q

Ovoviviparous

A

eggs in body

102
Q

Viviparous

A

live birth

103
Q

Paedogenesis

A

Babies having babies

104
Q

Opisthognathous

A

Auchenorryncha and Sterrnoryncha- mouth arising from ventral posterior margin (chin) of head capsule

105
Q

Polyembryony

A

Strepsiptera and hymenoptera

106
Q

Stadium

A
107
Q

Morphogens

A

maternal organizer genes, body plan

108
Q

Serial homology

A

Structures that have the same embryonic/developmetal origin, like legs and abdomen segments

109
Q

Epigenetics

A

How your behavior and environment can affect the way your genes work
Lamark’s revenge
Due to whether certain genes are turned on or off

110
Q

Eusocial

A
111
Q

Subsocial

A
112
Q

Parasocial

A
113
Q

Holometabola origins

A

pronymph stage greatly exaggerated

All other instars occur in pupa

114
Q

Imaginal discs

A
115
Q

Holometabola

A

Shorter childhood vulnerable stage
Longer reproductive stage
Reduction in food competition
Seperate pathogens

116
Q

Clypeus

A

Plate on front of head, auchenorryncha

Systematic Entomology (1 decks)

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