Quiz 3 Material Flashcards

Question

Tobramycin

Answer 1

Aminoglycosides MOA: Bind to specific 30s ribosomal proteins and interfere with the initiation of protein synthesis

Answer 2

Antifolate Drugs (Sulfa-Drugs) MOA: Compete with dihydropteroate synthetase and inhibit folate production in bacteria (thus inhibit division and growth), Structural analogues of PABA

Answer 3

Urinary Tract Antiseptics MOA: Bacteria that are sensitive reduce the drug to a toxic intermediate (damages bacterial DNA)

Answer 4

Azoles MOA: Inhibits the P450 enzyme responsible for converting lanosterol to ergosterol (disrupts fungal membrane structure and function), also inhibits human and gonadal and adrenal steriod synthesis

Answer 5

Antifolate Drugs (Sulfa-Drugs) MOA: Compete with dihydropteroate synthetase and inhibit folate production in bacteria (thus inhibit division and growth), Structural analogues of PABA

Answer 6

Echinocandins MOA: interfere with the synthesis of B-glucan, which disrupts cell wall and causes lysis and cell death

Answer 7

Antifolate Drugs (Sulfa-Drugs) MOA: Inhibits dihydrogolate reductase – prevents conversion of dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid (thus interfere with folate production in bacteria), higher affinity to bacterial enzyme than mammalian

Answer 8

Urinary Tract Antiseptics MOA: Decomposed at acidic pH of 5.5 or less, Produces formaldehyde which is toxic to bacteria

Answer 9

Polyene Antibiotics MOA: Binds to ergosterol in the plasma membrane and forms a pore

Answer 10

Tetracyclines MOA: Reversibly bind to the 30s ribosomal subunit preventing binding of tRNA = prevent protein synthesis

Answer 11

Second-Line Antimycobacterial Drugs MOA: Inhibits protein synthesis

Answer 12

Azoles MOA: Inhibits the P450 enzyme responsible for converting lanosterol to ergosterol (disrupts fungal membrane structure and function), also inhibits human and gonadal and adrenal steriod synthesis

Answer 13

Azoles MOA: Inhibits the P450 enzyme responsible for converting lanosterol to ergosterol (disrupts fungal membrane structure and function), also inhibits human and gonadal and adrenal steriod synthesis

Answer 14

Echinocandins MOA: interfere with the synthesis of B-glucan, which disrupts cell wall and causes lysis and cell death

Answer 15

Echinocandins MOA: interfere with the synthesis of B-glucan, which disrupts cell wall and causes lysis and cell death

Answer 16

Polyene Antibiotics MOA: Binds to ergosterol in the plasma membrane and forms a pore

Answer 17

Other Antifungal Drugs MOA: Enters fungal cell and disrupts DNA/protein synthesis (similar to anti-metabolites)

Answer 18

Other Antifungal Drugs MOA: Inhibits fungal mitosis, deposited in newly forming skin protecting it from new infection

Answer 19

Other Antifungal Drugs MOA: Inhibits squalene epoxidase - Causes: block biosynthesis of ergosterol AND squalene builds up and becomes toxic

Answer 20

First-Line Antimycobacterial Drugs MOA: interfere with cell wall synthesis

Answer 21

Antifolate Drugs (Sulfa-Drugs) MOA: Compete with dihydropteroate synthetase and inhibit folate production in bacteria (thus inhibit division and growth), Structural analogues of PABA

Answer 22

First-Line Antimycobacterial Drugs MOA: Prodrug (activated by mycobacterial enzyme), active molecule targets enzymes responsible for synthesis of mycolic acid and blocks its production (mycolic acid = essential for cell wall integrity)

Answer 23

First-Line Antimycobacterial Drugs MOA: Lowers intracellular pH and inhibits growth

Answer 24

First-Line Antimycobacterial Drugs MOA: Interacts with bacterial RNA polymerase (block transcription)

Answer 25

First-Line Antimycobacterial Drugs MOA: Interacts with bacterial RNA polymerase (block transcription)

Answer 26

Antiviral Drugs for Respiratory Virus Infections (Influenza) MOA: Neuraminidase Inhibitors = selectively inhibits the enzyme neuraminidase (which is essential to live cycle of this virus) and prevent release of new virions (works against Type A and B)

Answer 27

First-Line Antimycobacterial Drugs MOA: Interacts with bacterial RNA polymerase (block transcription)

Answer 28

Second-Line Antimycobacterial Drugs MOA: Structurally similar to Isoniazid - Prodrug (activated by mycobacterial enzyme), active molecule targets enzymes responsible for synthesis of mycolic acid and blocks its production (mycolic acid = essential for cell wall integrity)

Answer 29

Second-Line Antimycobacterial Drugs MOA: Prevents cell wall synthesis

Answer 30

Antiviral Drugs for Hepatitis MOA: bind to active site of HCV protease

Answer 31

Second-Line Antimycobacterial Drugs MOA: Bind to specific 30s ribosomal proteins and interfere with the initiation of protein synthesis

Answer 32

Second-Line Antimycobacterial Drugs MOA: Binds to 50s ribosomal subunit and block peptidyltransferase center to prevent AA elongation (also inhibit 50s subunit formation)

Answer 33

Drugs Used in Leprosy MOA: Similar to sulfonamides, inhibits folate synthesis

Answer 34

Antiviral Drugs for Respiratory Virus Infections (Influenza) MOA: Inhibitors of Viral Uncoating = block viral membrane matrix protein MA (which functions as a channel for H+ ions, required for fusion of viral membrane with host cell membrane)

Answer 35

Second-Line Antimycobacterial Drugs MOA: Dual mechanism: Inhibit replication of DNA by interfering with DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

Answer 36

Antiviral Drugs for Respiratory Virus Infections (Influenza) MOA: Inhibitors of Viral Uncoating = block viral membrane matrix protein MA (which functions as a channel for H+ ions, required for fusion of viral membrane with host cell membrane)

Answer 37

Antiviral Drugs for Respiratory Virus Infections (Influenza) MOA: Neuraminidase Inhibitors = selectively inhibits the enzyme neuraminidase (which is essential to live cycle of this virus) and prevent release of new virions (works against Type A and B)

Answer 38

Antiviral Drugs for Hepatitis MOA: bind to active site of HCV protease

Answer 39

Antiviral Drugs for Hepatitis MOA: Induce host cell enzymes to inhibit viral RNA translation

Answer 40

Antiviral Drugs for Hepatitis MOA: Inhibits hepatitis B DNA polymerase and HIV reverse transcriptase

Answer 41

Antiviral Drugs for Hepatitis MOA: Inhibits viral reverse transcriptase

Answer 42

Antiviral Drugs for Herpesvirus Infections MOA: Converted to active form by viral enzyme (thymidine kinase), competes as a substrate for viral DNA polymerase and is incorporated into the viral DNA

Answer 43

Antiviral Drugs for Herpesvirus Infections MOA: Converted to active form by viral enzyme (thymidine kinase), competes as a substrate for viral DNA polymerase and is incorporated into the viral DNA

Answer 44

Antiviral Drugs for Herpesvirus Infections MOA: Converted to active form by viral enzyme (thymidine kinase), competes as a substrate for viral DNA polymerase and is incorporated into the viral DNA

Answer 45

Antiviral Drugs for Cytomegalovirus Infections MOA: must be activated by viral enzyme, inhibits viral DNA polymerase and can be Incorporated into viral DNA

Answer 46

Antiviral Drugs for Hepatitis MOA: activated by kinases that phosphorylate the drug, active metabolites inhibit purine metabolism (block synthesis of viral DNA and RNA)

Answer 47

Azoles MOA: Inhibits the P450 enzyme responsible for converting lanosterol to ergosterol (disrupts fungal membrane structure and function), also inhibits human and gonadal and adrenal steriod synthesis

Answer 48

Drugs Used in Leprosy MOA: Binds to DNA and prevents it from serving as a template for replication

Answer 49

Antiviral Drugs for Cytomegalovirus Infections MOA: inhibits viral DNA synthesis, does NOT depend on vial enzymes

Answer 50

Antiviral Drugs for Herpesvirus Infections MOA: inhibits the incorporation of thymidine triphosphate into viral DNA, can incorporate into viral DNA (and cellular DNA)