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My System Pharmacology 1 Material > Quiz 3 Material > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Material Flashcards

1
Q

Azithromycin (Zpak, Zithromax)

A

Macrolides/Ketolides

MOA: Binds to 50s ribosomal subunit and block peptidyltransferase center to prevent AA elongation (also inhibit 50s subunit formation)

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2
Q

Demeclocycline

A

Tetracyclines

MOA: Reversibly bind to the 30s ribosomal subunit preventing binding of tRNA = prevent protein synthesis

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3
Q

Neomycin

A

Aminoglycosides

MOA: Bind to specific 30s ribosomal proteins and interfere with the initiation of protein synthesis

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4
Q

Tigecycline

A

Tetracyclines

MOA: Reversibly bind to the 30s ribosomal subunit preventing binding of tRNA = prevent protein synthesis

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5
Q

Streptomycin

A

Aminoglycosides

MOA: Bind to specific 30s ribosomal proteins and interfere with the initiation of protein synthesis

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6
Q

Telithromycin

A

Macrolides/Ketolides

MOA: Binds to 50s ribosomal subunit and block peptidyltransferase center to prevent AA elongation (also inhibit 50s subunit formation)

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7
Q

Minocycline

A

Tetracyclines

MOA: Reversibly bind to the 30s ribosomal subunit preventing binding of tRNA = prevent protein synthesis

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8
Q

Gentamicin

A

Aminoglycosides

MOA: Bind to specific 30s ribosomal proteins and interfere with the initiation of protein synthesis

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9
Q

Amikacin

A

Aminoglycosides

MOA: Bind to specific 30s ribosomal proteins and interfere with the initiation of protein synthesis

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10
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Other Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

MOA: Binds to the 50s subunit and inhibits peptide bond formation, Also has a high affinity to mammalian mitochondrial ribosomes

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11
Q

Clindamycin

A

Other Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

MOA: Same as erythromycin: Bind to the 50s ribosomal subunit and block the peptidyltransferase center to prevent AA chain elongation, Can also inhibit formation of the 50s subunit

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12
Q

Linezolid

A

Other Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

MOA: Inhibits formation of ribosomal complex, which binds to the 50s subunit near interface with the 30s subunit

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13
Q

Doxycycline

A

Tetracyclines

MOA: Reversibly bind to the 30s ribosomal subunit preventing binding of tRNA = prevent protein synthesis

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14
Q

Fidaxomicin

A

Macrolides/Ketolides

MOA: Binds to 50s ribosomal subunit and block peptidyltransferase center to prevent AA elongation (also inhibit 50s subunit formation)

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15
Q

Cotrimoxazole (Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole)

A

Antifolate Drugs (Sulfa-Drugs)

MOA: Combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole – greater activity and broader spectrum than either drug used alone

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16
Q

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

A

2nd Generation Fluoroquinolones

MOA: Dual mechanism: Inhibit replication of DNA by interfering with DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

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18
Q

Ofloxacin

A

2nd Generation Fluoroquinolones

MOA: Dual mechanism: Inhibit replication of DNA by interfering with DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

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19
Q

Moxifloxacin

A

4th Generation Fluoroquinolones

MOA: Dual mechanism: Inhibit replication of DNA by interfering with DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

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21
Q

Clarithromycin

A

Macrolides/Ketolides

MOA: Binds to 50s ribosomal subunit and block peptidyltransferase center to prevent AA elongation (also inhibit 50s subunit formation)

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22
Q

Posaconazole

A

Azoles

MOA: Inhibits the P450 enzyme responsible for converting lanosterol to ergosterol (disrupts fungal membrane structure and function), also inhibits human and gonadal and adrenal steriod synthesis

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23
Q

Levofloxacin (Levaquin)

A

3rd Generation Fluoroquinolones

MOA: Dual mechanism: Inhibit replication of DNA by interfering with DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

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24
Q

Erythromycin

A

Macrolides/Ketolides

MOA: Binds to 50s ribosomal subunit and block peptidyltransferase center to prevent AA elongation (also inhibit 50s subunit formation)

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24
Q

Norfloxacin

A

2nd Generation Fluoroquinolones

MOA: Dual mechanism: Inhibit replication of DNA by interfering with DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

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24
Q

Gemifloxacin

A

4th Generation Fluoroquinolones

MOA: Dual mechanism: Inhibit replication of DNA by interfering with DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

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25
Q

Tobramycin

A

Aminoglycosides

MOA: Bind to specific 30s ribosomal proteins and interfere with the initiation of protein synthesis

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26
Q

Sulfacetamide

A

Antifolate Drugs (Sulfa-Drugs)

MOA: Compete with dihydropteroate synthetase and inhibit folate production in bacteria (thus inhibit division and growth), Structural analogues of PABA

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28
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

Urinary Tract Antiseptics

MOA: Bacteria that are sensitive reduce the drug to a toxic intermediate (damages bacterial DNA)

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29
Q

Fluconazole

A

Azoles

MOA: Inhibits the P450 enzyme responsible for converting lanosterol to ergosterol (disrupts fungal membrane structure and function), also inhibits human and gonadal and adrenal steriod synthesis

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30
Q

Sulfamethoxazole

A

Antifolate Drugs (Sulfa-Drugs)

MOA: Compete with dihydropteroate synthetase and inhibit folate production in bacteria (thus inhibit division and growth), Structural analogues of PABA

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32
Q

Micafungin

A

Echinocandins

MOA: interfere with the synthesis of B-glucan, which disrupts cell wall and causes lysis and cell death

33
Q

Trimethoprim

A

Antifolate Drugs (Sulfa-Drugs)

MOA: Inhibits dihydrogolate reductase – prevents conversion of dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid (thus interfere with folate production in bacteria), higher affinity to bacterial enzyme than mammalian

33
Q

Methenamine

A

Urinary Tract Antiseptics

MOA: Decomposed at acidic pH of 5.5 or less, Produces formaldehyde which is toxic to bacteria

34
Q

Amphotericin B

A

Polyene Antibiotics

MOA: Binds to ergosterol in the plasma membrane and forms a pore

35
Q

Tetracycline

A

Tetracyclines

MOA: Reversibly bind to the 30s ribosomal subunit preventing binding of tRNA = prevent protein synthesis

36
Q

Capreomycin

A

Second-Line Antimycobacterial Drugs

MOA: Inhibits protein synthesis

37
Q

Ketoconazole

A

Azoles

MOA: Inhibits the P450 enzyme responsible for converting lanosterol to ergosterol (disrupts fungal membrane structure and function), also inhibits human and gonadal and adrenal steriod synthesis

38
Q

Voriconazole

A

Azoles

MOA: Inhibits the P450 enzyme responsible for converting lanosterol to ergosterol (disrupts fungal membrane structure and function), also inhibits human and gonadal and adrenal steriod synthesis

39
Q

Anidulafungin

A

Echinocandins

MOA: interfere with the synthesis of B-glucan, which disrupts cell wall and causes lysis and cell death

39
Q

Caspofungin

A

Echinocandins

MOA: interfere with the synthesis of B-glucan, which disrupts cell wall and causes lysis and cell death

40
Q

Nystatin

A

Polyene Antibiotics

MOA: Binds to ergosterol in the plasma membrane and forms a pore

41
Q

Flucytosine

A

Other Antifungal Drugs

MOA: Enters fungal cell and disrupts DNA/protein synthesis (similar to anti-metabolites)

42
Q

Griseofulvin

A

Other Antifungal Drugs

MOA: Inhibits fungal mitosis, deposited in newly forming skin protecting it from new infection

43
Q

Terbinafin

A

Other Antifungal Drugs

MOA: Inhibits squalene epoxidase - Causes: block biosynthesis of ergosterol AND squalene builds up and becomes toxic

44
Q

Ethambutol

A

First-Line Antimycobacterial Drugs

MOA: interfere with cell wall synthesis

45
Q

Sulfadiazine

A

Antifolate Drugs (Sulfa-Drugs)

MOA: Compete with dihydropteroate synthetase and inhibit folate production in bacteria (thus inhibit division and growth), Structural analogues of PABA

46
Q

Isoniazid

A

First-Line Antimycobacterial Drugs

MOA: Prodrug (activated by mycobacterial enzyme), active molecule targets enzymes responsible for synthesis of mycolic acid and blocks its production (mycolic acid = essential for cell wall integrity)

47
Q

Pyrazinamide

A

First-Line Antimycobacterial Drugs

MOA: Lowers intracellular pH and inhibits growth

48
Q

Rifampin

A

First-Line Antimycobacterial Drugs

MOA: Interacts with bacterial RNA polymerase (block transcription)

49
Q

Rifabutin

A

First-Line Antimycobacterial Drugs

MOA: Interacts with bacterial RNA polymerase (block transcription)

50
Q

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

A

Antiviral Drugs for Respiratory Virus Infections (Influenza)

MOA: Neuraminidase Inhibitors = selectively inhibits the enzyme neuraminidase (which is essential to live cycle of this virus) and prevent release of new virions (works against Type A and B)

51
Q

Rifapentine

A

First-Line Antimycobacterial Drugs

MOA: Interacts with bacterial RNA polymerase (block transcription)

52
Q

Ethionamide

A

Second-Line Antimycobacterial Drugs

MOA: Structurally similar to Isoniazid - Prodrug (activated by mycobacterial enzyme), active molecule targets enzymes responsible for synthesis of mycolic acid and blocks its production (mycolic acid = essential for cell wall integrity)

53
Q

Cycloserine

A

Second-Line Antimycobacterial Drugs

MOA: Prevents cell wall synthesis

54
Q

Telaprevir

A

Antiviral Drugs for Hepatitis

MOA: bind to active site of HCV protease

55
Q

Streptomycin

A

Second-Line Antimycobacterial Drugs

MOA: Bind to specific 30s ribosomal proteins and interfere with the initiation of protein synthesis

57
Q

Macrolides

A

Second-Line Antimycobacterial Drugs

MOA: Binds to 50s ribosomal subunit and block peptidyltransferase center to prevent AA elongation (also inhibit 50s subunit formation)

58
Q

Dapsone

A

Drugs Used in Leprosy

MOA: Similar to sulfonamides, inhibits folate synthesis

59
Q

Amantadine

A

Antiviral Drugs for Respiratory Virus Infections (Influenza)

MOA: Inhibitors of Viral Uncoating = block viral membrane matrix protein MA (which functions as a channel for H+ ions, required for fusion of viral membrane with host cell membrane)

60
Q

Fluoroquinolones

A

Second-Line Antimycobacterial Drugs

MOA: Dual mechanism: Inhibit replication of DNA by interfering with DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

61
Q

Rimantadine

A

Antiviral Drugs for Respiratory Virus Infections (Influenza)

MOA: Inhibitors of Viral Uncoating = block viral membrane matrix protein MA (which functions as a channel for H+ ions, required for fusion of viral membrane with host cell membrane)

62
Q

Zanamivir

A

Antiviral Drugs for Respiratory Virus Infections (Influenza)

MOA: Neuraminidase Inhibitors = selectively inhibits the enzyme neuraminidase (which is essential to live cycle of this virus) and prevent release of new virions (works against Type A and B)

63
Q

Boceprevir

A

Antiviral Drugs for Hepatitis

MOA: bind to active site of HCV protease

64
Q

Interferon

A

Antiviral Drugs for Hepatitis

MOA: Induce host cell enzymes to inhibit viral RNA translation

65
Q

Lamivudine

A

Antiviral Drugs for Hepatitis

MOA: Inhibits hepatitis B DNA polymerase and HIV reverse transcriptase

66
Q

Tenofovir

A

Antiviral Drugs for Hepatitis

MOA: Inhibits viral reverse transcriptase

67
Q

Acyclovir

A

Antiviral Drugs for Herpesvirus Infections

MOA: Converted to active form by viral enzyme (thymidine kinase), competes as a substrate for viral DNA polymerase and is incorporated into the viral DNA

68
Q

Famciclovir

A

Antiviral Drugs for Herpesvirus Infections

MOA: Converted to active form by viral enzyme (thymidine kinase), competes as a substrate for viral DNA polymerase and is incorporated into the viral DNA

69
Q

Valacyclovir

A

Antiviral Drugs for Herpesvirus Infections

MOA: Converted to active form by viral enzyme (thymidine kinase), competes as a substrate for viral DNA polymerase and is incorporated into the viral DNA

70
Q

Ganciclovir

A

Antiviral Drugs for Cytomegalovirus Infections

MOA: must be activated by viral enzyme, inhibits viral DNA polymerase and can be Incorporated into viral DNA

71
Q

Ribavirin

A

Antiviral Drugs for Hepatitis

MOA: activated by kinases that phosphorylate the drug, active metabolites inhibit purine metabolism (block synthesis of viral DNA and RNA)

72
Q

Itraconazole

A

Azoles

MOA: Inhibits the P450 enzyme responsible for converting lanosterol to ergosterol (disrupts fungal membrane structure and function), also inhibits human and gonadal and adrenal steriod synthesis

72
Q

Clofazimine

A

Drugs Used in Leprosy

MOA: Binds to DNA and prevents it from serving as a template for replication

73
Q

Cidofovir

A

Antiviral Drugs for Cytomegalovirus Infections

MOA: inhibits viral DNA synthesis, does NOT depend on vial enzymes

74
Q

Trifluridine

A

Antiviral Drugs for Herpesvirus Infections

MOA: inhibits the incorporation of thymidine triphosphate into viral DNA, can incorporate into viral DNA (and cellular DNA)

My System Pharmacology 1 Material (2 decks)

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