Quiz 3- Cytokines and Compliment Flashcards
4 different ways cytokines act
Synergy
Pleiotropy
Redundancy
Antagonism
Cytokine Storm
Hypercytokinemia
Massive overproduction and dysregulation of cytokines produce hyperstimulation of the immune response.
Cytokine storm leads to…
Shock
multiorgan failure
Death
4 major proinflammatory cytokines
TNF-a
IL-1
IL-6
IFN-gamma
4 major anti-inflammatory cytokines
TGF-beta
IL-10
IL-13
IL-35
Hypercytokinemia disrupts the balance from beneficial to destructive and causes release of ___ and ___
TNF
Interleukin-1B
5 major cytokine families
TNFs IFNs Chemokines TGFs (Transforming growth factors) CSFs
IL-1 acts as an ____ ____ and induces ____ in the acute phase through its actions on the _____
endogenous pyrogen
fever
hypothalamus
IL-1 Induces production of (3 things)
Vascular cell-adhesion molecules
Chemokines
IL-6
____ is responsible for most of the systemic activity attributed to IL-1
IL-1B
IL-1a and iL-1B are proinflammatory cytokines produces by…
monos, macros, dendritic cells
IL1RA is produced by ___ and ___.
It acts as an ____ to ____ by ______
monos and macros
antagonist to IL-1 by blocking the IL-1 receptor and limiting the availability of the receptor for IL-1
TNF-a is named for…
the ability to induce lysis in tumor cells
TNF-a exists in ___ and ___ forms.
It causes ___ and _____ ____.
membrane-bound and soluble
Vasodilation, increased vascular permeability
TNF-a triggered by presence of ____
lipopolysaccharide
Actions of IL-1
Inflammation, fever, initiation of the acute-phase response
TNF-a secreted by:
Monos, Macros, PMNs, NK cells, activated T cells
TNF-a actions
Inflammation, initiation of acute phase response, death of tumor cells
IL-6 secreted by
Monos, macros, endothelial cells, Th2 cells
IL-6 actions
Initiation of acute phase response
Activation of B and T cells
TGF-B secreted by
T cells, macros, other cell types
TGF-B actions
Inhibition of both T- and b-cell proliferation, induction of IgA, inhibition of macros
(down regulates inflammatory response)
IFN-a, IFN-B secreted by
macros, dendritic cells, virally infected cells
6 cytokines associated with innate immunity
IL-1B TNF-a IL-6 TGF-B IFN-a IFN-B
5 cytokines associated with adaptive immunity
IL-2 IL-4 IL-5 IL-10 IFN-gamma
IL-2 secreted by
T-cells (Th1)
IL-2 actions
Growth and proliferation of T and B cells
NK activation and proliferation
IL-4 secreted by
Th2 cells
Mast cells
IL-4 actions
Promotion of Th2 differentiation, stimulation of B cells to switch to IgE production
IL-5 secreted by
Th2 cells
IL-5 actions
Eosinophil generation and activation, B-cell differentiation
IL-10 secreted by
Th2 cells, monos, macros
IL-10 actions
Suppression of Th2 cells, inhibition of Ag presentation, inhibition of IFN-gamma
IFN-gamma secreted by
Th1 cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells
IFN-gamma actions
Activation of macros, increased expression of class I and II MHC molecules, increased Ag presentation
IL-6 part of cytokine cascade released in response to ____
LPS
IL-6 triggered by ___
IL-1
TGF-B funtions as _____ for mature T cells
anti-inflammatory factor
TGF-B actions on activated B cells:
Inhibits proliferation
Autocrine regulator to limit the expansion of activated cells
Type 1 IFNS (-a and -B) are produced by ___ and interfere with ____
dendritic cells
viral replication and cell division
Type 1 IFNs activate ___ and enhance ____
NK cells MHC class I molecules
Th1 cells secrete ____ and that enhances activity of…
IFN-gamma
Tc cells, NK cells, Antigen presentation, activates macrophages
Th2 cells secrete ___ to enhance activity of:
IL-4
Ab formation, Allergic response, Antiparasitic response, Ag presentation
Treg cells secrete ___ and ___ that act to:
IL-10 and TGF-B
establish peripheral tolerance. Inhibition of Th1 and Th2 cells, APCs
IL-2 is known as ____ because it…
T-cell growth factor
Drives the growth and differentiation of T and B cells, induces lytic activity in NK cells, activates proliferation of Th2 cells
Th2 cells secrete ___ and ___
IL-4
IL-10
IL-4 helps drive ___ response to various diseases
antibody
IL-10 has ____ and ____ effects on Th1 cells.
It inhibits _____ _____ by macros and dendritic cells
anti-inflammatory and suppressive
Antigen presentation
IL-10 serves as antagonist to ____ to….
IFN-gamma
down-regulate immune response
Tregs express ___ and ___
CD4, CD25
Tregs produce ___ that _____ other T cells.
They induce ___ and ___ expression in adaptive Tr1 cells in peripheral blood
TGF-B, suppresses
IL-10 and TFG-B
This inhibits proinflammatory cytokines and suppresses T cells
IL-10
This down-regs APC function and blocks proliferation and cytokine production by CD4+ T cells
TGF-B
Th17 cytokines have a role in defense at _____
mucosal surfaces
Th17 cells secrete ___ to promote recruitment of ___ and release of ____
IL-17
PMNs
antimicrobial peptides
dysregulated Th17 cytokines have been implicated in….
pathogenesis of multiple inflammatory diseases and several autoimmune conditions
CSFs include…
IL-3 EPO G-CSF M-CSF GM-CSF
CSFs work to…
stimulate growth of hematopoietic cells in the BM in response to inflammatory cytokines (like IL-1)
