Quiz #3 Concepts Flashcards
Metformin
- Why is it the primary drug of choice?
- What labs would you order prior to starting?
- Decreases glucose production by the liver and increases glucose uptake by muscle and adipose tissue. In patients who need to lose weight can also help by reducing appetite.
- Does not cause hypoglycemia
- Labs- creatinine, need to know baseline renal function.
Byetta
-When to administer?
•2 times a day, at any time within 60 minutes before your morning and evening meals (or before the 2 main meals of the day) approximately 6 hours or more part. Do not take after meal.
Levothyroxine
–Adverse drug reactions (ADR) elderly
-When to order labs after starting
- Taken on an empty stomach in the AM, at least 30 minutes before breakfast.
- Thyroid function test after 4 weeks.
- Increased risk of osteoporosis, tachycardia and angina in the elderly.
- Can intensify the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
Pancreatic enzymes
-What medical states indication
- Cystic fibrosis
- Pancreatitis
- Bariatric procedures
Diabetes
-Diagnostic criteria
- Hemoglobin A1C of 6.5% or higher
- Fasting plasma glucose 126mg/dL or higher
- Casual blood glucose 200mg/dL or higher
- Classic s/s: polyuria, polydipsia and sudden weight loss that cannot be attributed to other common causes.
Insulin
Mechanism of action- Anabolic hormone; it promotes conservation of energy and the buildup of energy stores.
Two basic effects
Stimulates uptake of glucose, amino acids, and potassium
Promotes synthesis of complex organic molecules (glycogen, proteins, triglycerides).
Insulin deficiency puts the body into a catabolic mode; glycogen is converted to glucose, proteins are degraded to amino acids, and fats are converted to glycerol (glycerin) and free fatty acids.
Insulin deficiency promotes hyperglycemia by increasing glycogenesis and gluconeogenesis and reducing glucose utilization. This increases peripheral glucose uptake by skeletal muscle and fat.
Type I Diabetes
Education re: exercise and carbs
Very important to check your blood sugar, plan ahead, and be prepared to treat hypoglycemia.
Blood sugar response to exercise will vary depending on: • Prior blood sugar level. • Intensity of activity. • Length of time you are active. • Changes you’ve made to insulin doses.
Diabetic Drugs Recommended for Children
Metformin and Insulin
ADA Guidelines for Diabetes Management
Hemaglobin A1C should be measured every 3-6 months to assess long-term glycemic control.
The target value is 7% of total hemoglobin or lower.
Normal-5
Pre- 5.7-6.4
6.5 or greater = Diabetic
What DM meds increase genital yeast infections?
SGLT-2 Inhibitors (Sodium gluocse co-transporter 2)
Hyperthyroidism
After starting when do you see total reversal of signs/symptoms?
Methimazole- full benefits may take 6-12 months to develop.
Goals for Thyroid Replacement
Testing serum for elevated levels of TSH is the most sensitive way to diagnose hypothyroidism.
Goal: Normalize thyroid levels
Congential Hypothyroid
Lifelong treatment
Natural Thyroid Products
No readily prescribed
Not regulated by the FDA, not reliable how much hormone it contains
After years of treatment and TSH at low end of normal…
Pt is at high risk for osteoporosis