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Chemistry 1045 > Quiz 3- Chapter: 9, 10, 11 > Flashcards

Quiz 3- Chapter: 9, 10, 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

Sharing electrons between atoms

Usually Gass with Gass

A

Covalent bond

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2
Q

Electrostatic forces that hold ions together, ex: NaCl
Usually Solids with gass
transfers electrons

A

Ionic bonds

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3
Q

Metal nuclei floating in a sea of electrons

Sharing & Transfers

A

Metallic bonds

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4
Q

Are electrons that are involved in bonding

Found in the incomplete, outermost, shell of an atom

A

Valence electrons

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5
Q

Atoms tend to gain or lose electrons until they are surrounded by eight valence electrons

A

Octet rule

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6
Q

what ionic bond that also has a regular arrangement

A

Na+Cl-

note: that the ions are packed closely as possible

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7
Q

Ionic substances are often ________, ________, with a ______ melting point

A

Crystalline, Brittle, High Melting point

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8
Q

The energy required to separate one mole of a solid ionic compound into gaseous ions is called the

A

Lattice Energy

note: its a super strong force

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9
Q

we often encounter Cations with charges of __, __, __, in ____ ________ however, transition metals cant attain a ______ ____ conformation (>3 electrons beyond a noble gas core)

A

Charges of +1 +2 +3 in Ionic compounds

Cant attain a Noble Gas conformation

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10
Q

The majority of chemical substances do not have characteristics of _____ ________

A

Ionic Compounds

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11
Q

Formation of covalent bonds can be represented using symbol called ____ __ _____ or ____ _____

A

Called Lewis dot structures or Lewis structures

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12
Q

we usually show each electron pair shared(aka _____ _____) between atoms as a line and show unshared electron pairs(aka_____ _____) as dots

A

Ione pairs

nonbonding pairs

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13
Q

It is possible for more than one electrons to be shared between two atoms, this is called ______ ______

A

Multiple Bonding

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14
Q

One shared pair of Electrons between atoms is a _____ _____

A

Single Bond (ex: H2 = H:H or H—H)

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15
Q

Two shared pair of Electrons between atoms is a _____ _____

A

Double Bond (ex: O2 = O::O or O=O

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16
Q

Three shared pair of Electrons between atoms is a _____ _____

A

Triple Bond (ex: N2 = N:::N or N (put 3 lines) N

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17
Q

It Describes the sharing of electrons between two atoms or in a covalent bond

A

Bond Polarity

note: Electron pairs that are shared by two different atoms are usually unequally shared

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18
Q

_____ _____ ____ happens when a pair of electrons are shared equally between two atoms.

A

nonpolar covalent bond

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19
Q

_____ _____ ____ happens when a pair of electrons are unequally shared between two atoms.

A

Polar covalent Bond

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20
Q

The ability of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself is called ________________

A

Electronegativity

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21
Q

Electronegativity _________ across the period, and ______ down a group

A

Increases across and Decreases down

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22
Q

This occurs whenever there is a separation of positive and negative charges. It measure the polarity of a Polar bond within a molecule.

A

Dipole Moment

Dipole(u)

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23
Q

we indicate the polarity of molecules by marking the positive end ( or ____) in a polar bond maybe represented with a “__” and the negative with a “__”

A

or a Pole
“S+” being positive
“S-“ being negative

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24
Q

when charges are separated by a distance, a _____ is produced. This is a _________ measure of the magnitude of the ____ (_)

A

Dipole is produced
Quantitative number
Dipole(u)

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25
Q

Interactions of metals and nonmetals often yield _____ ______ .

A

Ionic compounds

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26
Q

When Ionic bonding is dominant, we expect compounds to exhibit properties associated with ___-____ ____ and ____ ______.

A

High-Melting Solids

Strong Electrolytes

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27
Q

Interactions of nonmetals with other nonmetals often yield compounds that are _____ _____.

A

Covenant Compounds

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28
Q

When Covalent bonding is dominant, we expect compounds to exhibit properties associated with _____ _____ and ____ ___

A

Low melting and boiling point

non-electrolyte behavior when dissolved in water

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29
Q

_________ _________ are attempts to represent a real structure that is a mix between several extreme possibility

A

Resonance Structures

30
Q

Benzene belongs to an important category of organic molecules called

A

Aromatic Copounds

31
Q

Most molecules have an even number of electrons and complete pairing of electrons occurs, although some molecules have an odd number of electrons

A

Example: ClO2, NO, and NO2

32
Q

Molecules with less than octet are also relatively rare, most often encountered in compounds of _____ or _______.

A

Boron or Berllium

ex: BF3

33
Q

Molecules and ions with more than an octect of electrons around the central atom are often called ________

A

Hypervalent

34
Q

The distance between the nuclei of atoms involved in a bond is called the _____ _____

A

Bond Lentgh

35
Q

Multiple Bonds are ______ & ______ than single bonds

A

Shorter

Stronger

36
Q

The shape of a molecule is determined by its ______ _____

A

Bond Angle

37
Q

In order to predict molecule shape, we assume that the valence electrons repel each other. Adopts the three-dimensional geometry that minimizes this repulsion. This is called _____- ____ _____- ______ ______

A

Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion

VSEPR

38
Q

A covalent bond forms between two atoms when a pair of electrons occupies the space between the atoms, this is a _____ _____ of electrons. Such a region is an ________ ______

A

Bonding Pair

Electron Domain

39
Q

A _______ ____ or ____ ____ of electrons defines an electron domain located principally on one atom

A

nonbonding pair

Lone pair

40
Q

_______ predicts that the best arrangement of electrons domains is the one that minimizes the repulsion among them.

A

VSEPR predicts that…

41
Q

The arrangement of electrons domains about the central atom of an A B molecule is its _______-_____ ______

A

Electron-Domain Geometry

42
Q

There are “#” different electron-domain geoetries

A

5

43
Q

Two Electron Domains

A

Linear

44
Q

Three Electron Domains

A

Trigonal Planar

45
Q

Four Electron Domains

A

Tetrahedral

46
Q

Five Electron Domains

A

Trigonal Bipyramidal

47
Q

Six Electron Domains

A

Octahedral

48
Q

The ______ ______ is the arrangement of the atoms in space

A

Molecular Geometry

49
Q

Know the bond angles for
CH4
NH3
H2O

A

C≈109.5° has 4 sigma bonds and no lone pairs
N≈107° has 3 sigma bonds and one lone
H≈104° has 2 sigma bonds and two lone

50
Q

Three Atoms (AB2) looks like _____ ,____

A

Linear

Bent

51
Q

Four Atoms (AB3) looks like _____, ____, ____

A

Trigonal planar
Trigonal Pyramidal
T-Shaped

52
Q

Five Atoms (AB4) looks like ____, ____, ____

A

Tetrahedral
Square Planar
Seesaw

53
Q

Six Atoms (AB5) Looks like _____ ______, ______ _____

A

Trigonal bipyramidal

Square pyramidal

54
Q

Seven Atoms (AB6) looks like ________

A

Octahedral

55
Q

In a trigonal Bipyramid
The three electron pairs in the plane are called _____
The two electron pairs above and below the plane are called ___

A

Equatorial

Axial

56
Q

In a trigonal Bipyramid

Axial Electron pairs are “#” apart and “#” to the equatorial electrons

A

180

90

57
Q

In a trigonal Bipyramid

Equatorial are “#” degrees apart

A

120

58
Q

In a Octahedron
The four electron pairs in the plane are at “#” to each other
The two Axial electron pairs are “#” apart and “#” to the electrons in the plan

A

90

180 and 90

59
Q

When dealing with Lager Molecules

We assign ______ ______ & ______-______ about each interior (_____) atom separately

A

Molecular geometry & Electron-domain

center

60
Q

For each bond in a polyatomic molecule, we can consider the _____ ____

A

Bond Dipole

61
Q

Is it true that Dipole moment due only to the two atoms in the bond dipole?

A

True

62
Q

The angle of F–Be–F is “#”

A

180 degress

63
Q

We can solve the problem by allowing the 2s and one 2p orbital on Be to mix or form two new _____ _____ (a process called __________)

A

Hybrid Orbitals

Hybridization

64
Q

The large lobes of the sp2 hybrids lie in a _____ _____

A

Trigonal Plane

65
Q

Do we need to know the electron-domain geometry before we can assign hybridization?

A

Yes

66
Q

______ ____ : Electron density lies on the axis between the nuclei.
All _____ Bonds are

A

Sigma Bonds

Single Bonds

67
Q

_____ _____: Electron density lies above and below the plane of the nuclei

A

Pi Bonds

68
Q

A Double bond has “#” Sigma and “#” Pi

A

1 and 1

69
Q

A Triple Bond has “#” Sigma and “#” Pi

A

1 and 2

70
Q

In benzene the three Pi bonds are __________

A

Delocalized

Chemistry 1045 (2 decks)

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