Quiz 3 (Brachial Plexus) Flashcards
this is the space between the arm and the chest wall?
axilla
the triangular space bounded by the clavicle, scapula and the first rib
apex
the ____ (lower portion) is made up of skin and fascia
base
the ______ wall is formed by the _______ major
anterior, pectoralis
the posterior wall is by the _____ _____ and _____ ____
latissimus dorsi, teres major
the ______ ______ is by the proximal medial aspect of the arm (bicipital furrow)
lateral wall
the_____ is an important passageway between the upper extremity and the neck
axilla
Contents of the axilla include the …..
brachial plexus, axillary artery and vein, lymph nodes and adipose tissue
the _______ _______ is the term given to the deep fascia that encloses the brachial plexus and the blood vessels
axillary sheath
in the axilla, the nerves that are about to enter the upper extremity, come together to form a nerve plexus known as the….
brachial plexus
five spinal nerves form a normal plexus —–
C5, C6, C7, C8 AND T1
Upper trunk formed by the union of
C5 and C6
middle trunk formed by
C7 alone
lower trunk formed by the union of
C8 and T1
each trunk divides into an
anterior and posterior division
Fusion of the anterior division of the upper and middle trunks form the ______, which contains fibers from ___, ___ and ___
lateral cord, C5 C6 C7
Fusion of the anterior division of the lower trunk form the ______, which contains fibers from ___ and ____.
medial cord, C8 and T1
Fusion of the posterior division of all three trunks form the ______, which contains fibers from ___, ___, ___, ___ and ___
posterior cord, C5-8 and T1
the cords of the brachia plexus are named to show their relationship to the _____ _____
axillary artery
Nerves of the brachial plexus directly from the spinal nerves
dorsal scapular and long thoracic
Nerves of the brachial plexus from the upper trunk
suprascapular and nerve to the sublavius
Nerves of the brachial plexus from the lateral cord
lateral pectoral, musculocutaneous, and part of the median
Nerves of the brachial plexus from the medial cord
- medial pectoral
- medial brachial cutaneous
- medial antebrachial cutaneous
- ulnar
- part of the median
Nerves of the brachial plexus from the posterior cord
- upper subscapular
- lower subscapular
- thoracodorsal
- axillary
- radial
nerves which comes off of the spinal nerves roots and the upper trunk (above clavicle)
supraclavicular portion of the brachial plexus
nerves which come off of the cords (below the clavicle)
Infraclavicular Portion of the Brachial Plexus
descend down the back, deep to the rhomboid and levator scapula muscles
dorsal scapular nerve
Is the nerve that gives motor supply to the rhomboid major, rhomboid minor and levator scapula
dorsal scapular nerve
Nerve that gives articular supply to the acromioclavicular joint
dorsal scapular nerve
The nerve that descends posteriorly from the spinal nerves that form the plexus to the anterior lateral aspect of the thoracic cage
Long thoracic Nerve
Long Thoracic Nerve segmental innervation is
C5, C6 and C7
Nerve that gives motor supply to the serratus anterior
Long Thoracic Nerve
passes laterally across the cervical region (deep to the trapezius) and deep to the muscles associated with the posterior aspect of the scapula
suprascapular nerve
the nerve that passes from the supraspinatus fossa to the infraspinous fossa via an opening in the spine of the scapula
suprascapular nerve
Segmental innervation of supracapular nerve is
C5 and C6
This nerve gives motor supply to the supraspinatus and infraspinatus
suprascapular nerve
Articular supply to the shoulder joint and acromioclavicular joint
suprascapular nerve
This nerve descends posteriorly to the clavicle
nerve to the subclavius
Nerve to the subclavius often given a branch to the phrenic nerve (which supplies the diaphragm muscle), which is known as the
accessory phrenic nerve
Nerve to the subclavius segmental innervation is
C5 and C6
This nerve gives motor supply to the subclavius and diaphragm
Nerve to the Subclavius
Nerve to the subclavius articular supply to the
sternoclavicular joint
The first nerve to come off of the lateral cord
Lateral Pectoral Nerve
Lateral Pectoral Nerve segmental innervation is
C5, C6 and C7
Lateral Pectoral Nerve gives motor supply to the
pectoralis major
One of the terminal branches of the lateral cord
Musculocutaneous Nerve
as it leaves the axilla it always passes through the belly of the coracobrachialis muscle and then runs between the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles
Musculocutaneous Nerve
This nerve continues into the forearm as the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve
Musculocutaneous Nerve
Nusculocutaneous Nerve segmental innervation is the
C5, C6, and C7
This nerve gives motor supply to the coracobrachialis, biceps brachii and brachialis
Musculocutaneous Nerve
Musculocutaneous Nerve articular supply to the
elbow joint
Musculocutaneous Nerve cutaneous supply to the
lateral aspect of the forearm
First nerve to come off the medial cord
Medial Pectoral Nerve
Medial Pectoral Nerve segmental innervation is
C8 and T1
Medial Pectoral nerve motor supply to both the
pectoralis major and pectoralis minor
Medial Brachial Cutaneous Nerve segmental innervation is
T1
Medial Brachial Cutaneous Nerve cutaneous supply to the
medial aspect of the arm
Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve segmental innervation is
C8 and T1
Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve cutaneous supply to the
medial aspect of the forearm
This nerve is one of the terminal branches of the medial cord
Ulnar Nerve
This nerve descends between the axillary artery and vein down the medial aspect of the arm
Ulnar Nerve
As this nerve leaves the arm, it becomes superficial as it passes through the groove for the ______ ______ at the distal end of humerus
Ulnar Nerve
This nerve will cross the wrist joint and enters the hand, where it divides into several branches
ulnar nerve
Ulnar nerve segmental innervation is
C8 and T1
Ulnar nerve gives motor supply to the ______ ______ _____ and half of the ______ _____ ____; and muscles associated with the ____ ____
flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum profundus, fifth digit
Muscles of the fifth digit are known as the…
hypothenar muscles
This nerve give cutaneous supply to the 1/4 medial aspect of the palm and dorsum of the hand; skin of digits five and part of digit four
Ulnar nerve
only branch of the brachial plexus which is formed from more than one cord (lateral and medial)
Median Nerve
This nerve descends distally in the medial aspect of the arm, just lateral to the ulnar nerve
Median Nerve
when this nerve enters the forearm, it does so by passing between the bellies of the pronator teres muscle and then descends down the middle of the anterior forearm (between the flexor digitorum superificialis and profundus muscles)
median nerve
This nerve enters the hand by passing deep to the flexor retinaculum, where it enters into the palm and gives off numerous branches
median nerve
Median Nerve segmental innervation is
C6, C7, C8 and T1
Gives motor supply to most of the muscles of the anterior forearm and most of the muscles associated with the first digit (thumb)
Median Nerve
Muscles associated with the first digit (thumb)
thenar muscles
Median Nerve gives articular supply to the
elbow and wrist joint
This nerve gives cutaneous supply to the lateral ¾ of the palmar surface of the palm and the skin of the first 3 ½ digits (palmar and dorsal aspects)
Median Nerve
Upper subscapular nerve segmental innervation is
C5
Upper subscapular nerve gives motor supply to the
subscapularis
Lower subscapular nerve segmental innervation is
C6
Lower subscapular nerve gives motor supply to the
subscapularis and teres major
This nerve runs down the lateral aspect of the thoracic cage, just lateral to the long thoracic nerve
Thoracodorsal Nerve
thoracodorsal nerve segmental innervation is
C6, C7 and C8
Thoracodorsal nerve gives motor supply to the
latissimus dorsi
The nerve that is the smaller and most lateral of the terminal branches of the posterior cord
Axillary Nerve
This nerve is associated with the surgical neck of the humerus
Axillary Nerve
Axillary Nerve segmental innervation is
C5 and C6
Axillary nerve gives motor supply to the
deltoid and teres major
Axillary Nerve gives articular supply to the
shoulder joint and acromioclavicular joint
This nerve gives cutaneous supply to the lateral aspect of the arm from a specific cutaneous branch of the nerve which is known as the lateral brachial cutaneous
Axillary nerve
This nerve is the larger and more medial of the terminal branches of the posterior cord
Radial Nerve
This nerve descends distally from the axilla to the posterior aspect of the arm, where it comes in contact with the shaft of the humerus at the spiral groove (behind the deltoid tuberosity), between the lateral and medial heads of the triceps brachii
radial nerve
Radial nerve divides into ______ and ____ ____ when it enters the forearm
superficial, deep branches
Radial Nerve segmental innervation is
C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1
Radial nerve gives motor supply to the
triceps brachii and anconeus and all the posterior forearm muscles
Radial nerve gives articular supply to the
elbow and wrist joints
This nerve gives cutaneous supply to most of the posterior arm and forearm; dorsum of the hand (not supplied by the median or the ulnar nerves); small area of skin below the thumb on the palmar aspect of the hand
Radial nerve
if a ______ _____of one single spinal nerve is damaged or compromised, a large area of skin will be affected
sensory root
the area of skin supplied by the sensory root of a single spinal nerve is known as
Dermatomes
Dermatomes of the Upper extremity; skin over the tip of the shoulder (acromion process)
C4
Dermatomes of the Upper extremity; lateral (radial) side of the arm
C5
Dermatomes of the Upper extremity; lateral (radial) side of the forearm; digits one (and two)
C6
Dermatomes of the Upper extremity; skin of the palm; digits (two), three and four
C7
Dermatomes of the Upper extremity; medial (ulnar) side of the forearm; digit five
C8
Dermatomes of the Upper extremity; medial (ulnar) side of the arm
T1
Dermatomes of the Upper extremity; skin of the axilla
T2
is a plexus in which C4 is the most superior spinal nerve root forming the plexus, C8 would be the most inferior spinal nerve
prefixed brachial plexus
is a plexus in which C6 is the most superior spinal nerve root, T2 would be the most inferior spinal nerve root
postfixed brachial plexus
Example of Normal, prefixed and postfixed of musculocutaneous
Normal C5-7, prefixed C4-6, postfixed C6-8
