Quiz 3 Flashcards
What is a diploid cell? Give an example.
A diploid cell contains 2 copies of each chromosome in it. Ex.: somatic cells.
Which cells are considered somatic?
All cells except gametes.
What is a haploid cell? Give an example.
A haploid cell contains only 1 copy of each chromosome in it. Ex.: Gametes.
What is a gamete?
A reproductive cell that contains only one copy of each chromosome (it has a total of 23).
What is the purpose of a ploidy?
It refers to the number of copies of each type of chromosome in a cell.
What is the ploidy of a somatic cell?
2n=46
What do the components of a cell’s ploidy refer to?
In 2n=46, the ‘2’ refers to the number of copies of each type of chromosome, the ‘n’ to the number of types of chromosome, and the 46 to the total number of chromosomes
What happens when a chromosome duplicates?
A duplicated (X) chromosome is created in which the 2 identical halves are called sister chromatids.
What are components of all chromosomes?
All chromosomes have telomeres (end parts of chromosome), a centromere (centre part of chromosome), a shorter arm (p), and a longer arm (q).
What are the components specific to duplicated chromosomes?
2 identical halves called sister chromatids.
What is a chromosome?
A strand of condensed DNA obtained upon cell division.
What is a genotype?
The genetic composition of an organism (all alleles of all genes).
What is a phenotype?
The expression of the genotype, or how one looks like (genetic expression).
What causes genetic diversity?
different combinations of genes and their alleles.
What is a gene in comparison to an allele?
The alleles found in a specific gene (small section of DNA) will determine how that gene is expressed. Ex.: eye colour gene can contain blue, brown, and green eye alleles.
