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Organic Chemistry > Quiz 3. > Flashcards

Quiz 3. Flashcards

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1
Q

How do you add NO2 to benzene?

A

React benzene with HNO3 and H2SO4.

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2
Q

What is a diazonium compound?

A

A benzene ring that is bonded to a positive N which has a triple bond to another N.

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3
Q

How do we turn the Benzene bonded to NO2 into a diazonium compound?

A

React the benzene bonded to NO2 with NaNO2 and HCl.

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4
Q

How reactive are diazonium compounds?

A

Diazonium compounds are very reactive.

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5
Q

If K-I is reacted with a diazonium compound, what is the product?

A

A benzene ring bonded to an iodine.

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6
Q

If Cu-Br is reacted with a diazonium compound, what is the product?

A

A benzene ring bonded to an bromine.

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7
Q

If Cu-Cl is reacted with a diazonium compound, what is the product?

A

A benzene ring bonded to a chlorine.

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8
Q

If a phenol is reacted with a diazonium compound, what is the product?

A

Benzene-N=N-Benzene-OH.

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9
Q

If H3-P-O2 or Et-O-H is reacted with a diazonium compound, what is the product?

A

Benzene.

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10
Q

If H2O and H2SO4 at 100 degrees C is reacted with a diazonium compound, what is the product?

A

A phenol.

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11
Q

If Cu-C-N is reacted with a diazonium compound, what is the product?

A

A benzene bonded to a C-N

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12
Q

If H-B-F4 is reacted with a diazonium compound, what is the product?

A

A benzene bonded to a fluorine.

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13
Q

What are activators?

A

This is more likely to react than a benzene ring.

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14
Q

What are deactivators?

A

This is less likely to react than a benzene ring.

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15
Q

What are the activating groups?

A
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16
Q

What are the deactivating groups?

A
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17
Q

What are the ortho, para and meta substitution positions?

A
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18
Q

What are the ortho, para directing groups?

A
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19
Q

What are the meta directing groups?

A
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20
Q

What are the 3 steps to determining whether something is ortho, para or meta directing?

A

Look at all the substituents separately. Determine if its ortho, para or meta directing. Determine where addition goes.

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21
Q

What electrophile is used for the bromination of benzene?

A

Br2 + Fe-Br3 = Br-Br+-Fe(-)-Br3.

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22
Q

What electrophile is used for the chlorination of benzene?

A

AlCl3 or FeCl3 + Cl2 = Cl-Cl+-Al(-)-Cl3.

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23
Q

What electrophile is used for the iodination of benzene?

A

HNO3 + H+ +1/2 I2 = I+ + NO2 + H2O.

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24
Q

What electrophile is used for the nitration of benzene?

A

HNO3 + H2SO4 = A benzene ring bonded to NO2 + H2O.

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25
Q

What electrophile is used for the sulfonation of benzene?

A

Benzene + SO3 (electrophile) + H2SO4 = Benzene bonded to SO3H.

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26
Q

What is the Friedel Crafts reaction used for?

A

The Friedel Crafts reaction is used to turn benzene into a benzene with a hydrocarbon chain attached.

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27
Q

What is the electrophile in the Friedel Crafts reaction?

A

R-CH2 + -Cl+Al(-)-Cl3.

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28
Q

What are the steps of the Friedel Crafts reaction?

A

Electrophile is formed. Benzene ring attacks C+ and the Cl leaves. The aromaticity on the benzene ring is lost. To regain the aromaticity the chlorine comes back and removes the H thats bonded to the same C as the new hydrocarbon group. The double bond reforms and aromaticity is restored.

29
Q

Can rearrangements happen in the Friedel Crafts reaction?

A

Yes.

30
Q

What are benzylic hydrogens?

A

The hydrogens that are on the chain carbons that are attached to the benzene.

31
Q

Which hydrogens does NBS or Br2 attack?

A

The benzylic hydrogens.

32
Q

Which hydrogens doNBS or Br2 for attack?

A

Benzylic hydrogens close to the benzene ring.

33
Q

If you react HNO3 with H2SO4 and a benzene ring, what products are formed?

A

A benzene ring with NO2 attached.

34
Q

What does NBS look like?

A
35
Q

What is aniline?

A
36
Q

Is aniline ortho, para or meta directing?

A

Ortho, para.

37
Q

What wavelength, region, energy KJ/mol and molecular effects of gamma rays?

A

Wavelength = 10 to the -9. Energy = 10 to the 7. Molecular effects = ionisation.

38
Q

What wavelength, region, energy KJ/mol and molecular effects of X rays?

A

Wavelength = 10 to the -7. Energy = 10 to the 5. Molecular effects = ionisation.

39
Q

What wavelength, region, energy KJ/mol and molecular effects of vacuum UV?

A

Wavelength = 10 to the -5. Energy = 10 to the 3. Molecular effects = electronic transitions.

40
Q

What wavelength, region, energy KJ/mol and molecular effects of near UV?

A

Wavelength = 10 to the -5. Energy = 10 to the 2. Molecular effects = electronic transitions.

41
Q

What wavelength, region, energy KJ/mol and molecular effects of visible UV?

A

Wavelength = 10 to the -4. Energy = 10 to the 2. Molecular effects = molecular vibrations.

42
Q

What wavelength, region, energy KJ/mol and molecular effects of infrared?

A

Wavelength = 10 to the -3. Energy = 10. Molecular effects = molecular vibrations.

43
Q

What wavelength, region, energy KJ/mol and molecular effects of microwave?

A

Wavelength = 10 to the -1. Energy = 10 to the -1 up to 1. Molecular effects = rotational motion.

44
Q

What wavelength, region, energy KJ/mol and molecular effects of radio?

A

Wavelength = 10 to the 4 up to 10 to the 2. Energy = 10 to the -6 up to 10 to the -2. Molecular effects = nuclear spin transitions.

45
Q

Is cyanide a good nucleophile?

A

Yes.

46
Q

What is Cyanide?

A
47
Q

How do you turn an alkyl halide into an amine?

A
48
Q

When you turn an alkyl halide into an amine, by how much does the carbon chain increase?

A

By 1 carbon.

49
Q

What reaction is used to turn an amide into an amine?

A

The Hoffman rearrangement.

50
Q

What is an amine?

A
51
Q

What is an amide?

A
52
Q

The Hoffman rearrangement is used for what kind of amides?

A

Primary amides.

53
Q

What is the mechanism of the Hoffman rearrangement?

A
54
Q

What is the speed of light?

A

3 x 10 to the 10 cm/sec.

55
Q

What is an acid or acyl chloride?

A
56
Q

How do you turn an acid chloride into an amine?

A

Acid chloride + ammonia. Cl is knocked off acid chloride and the amide is formed. LiAlH4 then removed the oxygen.

57
Q

What is the mechanism of the formation of an amine from an acid chloride?

A
58
Q

What is the finger print region?

A

No Z molecules give the same IR spectrum.

59
Q

What region is the finger print region?

A

600 - 1400 cm to the minus 1. The region between 1600–3500 cm-1 has the most common vibrations and we can use it to get information about specific functional groups in the molecule.

60
Q

Describe the IR spectrum for alcohols?

A
61
Q

What is the IR spectrum for amides?

A
62
Q

Describe the IR spectrum for amides?

A

Amides will show a strong absorption for the C═O at 1630–1660 cm-1. If there are hydrogens attached to the nitrogen of the amide, there will N—H absorptions at around 3300 cm-1.

63
Q

What is the IR spectrum for carboxylic acids?

A

PICTURE!!!

64
Q

Describe the IR spectrum for carboxylic acids?

A
65
Q

What is the IR spectrum for ketones?

A
66
Q

Describe the IR spectrum for ketones?

A

The spectrum of 2-heptanone shows a strong, sharp absorption at 1718 cm-1 due to the C═O stretch.

67
Q

What is the IR spectrum for aldehydes?

A
68
Q

Describe the IR spectrum for aldehydes?

A

Aldehydes have the C═O stretch at around 1710 cm-1. They also have two different stretch bands for the aldehyde C—H bond at 2720 and 2820 cm-1.

Organic Chemistry (9 decks)

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