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Psych260 > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Glands that secrete their products outside the body are referred to as _____ glands

  • exocrine
  • endocrine
  • ectocrine
  • autocrine
A

exocrine

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2
Q

Cells located in the ____ synthesize oxytocin and vasopressin and transport these hormones to the ____.

  • hypothalamus; posterior pituitary
  • hypothalamus; anterior pituitary
  • posterior pituitary; median eminence
  • anterior pituitary; median eminence
A

hypothalamus; posterior pituitary

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3
Q

The molecular structure of steroid hormones involves

  • four interconnected rings of carbon atoms
  • short chains of amino acids
  • long chains of amino acids
  • modified tyrosine molecules
A

four interconnected rings of carbon atoms

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4
Q

As a result of his experiments with roosters, Berthold concluded that

  • the testes secrete testosterone
  • ) the testes release a masculinizing chemical into the blood
  • hormones are important for homeostasis
  • castration has different effects in birds than in mammals
A

the testes release a masculinizing chemical into the blood

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5
Q

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of events in the regulation of gonadal steroid hormones in men?

  • GnRH; anterior pituitary; release of androgens
  • GnRH; anterior pituitary; gonads; release of androgens
  • ) Anterior pituitary; GnRH; gonads; release of androgens
  • Anterior pituitary; relase of androgens; gonads; GnRH
A

GnRH; anterior pituitary; gonads; release of androgens

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6
Q

The coolidge effect is the

  • resumption of sexual activity by a male animal when exposed to a novel female
  • resumption of sexual activity by a female animal when exposed to an attractive male
  • spontaneous abortion of pregnancy by female mice exposed to the urine of a strange male
  • synchronization of ovulation in many species of primates
A
  • resumption of sexual activity by a male animal when exposed to a novel female
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7
Q

The enzyme 5-alpha-reductase is essential for the development of the

  • gonads in both sexes
  • wolffian ducts in males
  • external genitalia in males
  • testes in males
A

external genitalia in males

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8
Q

Which statement about CAH females is false?

  • They have a fully developed mullerian duct system
  • they are likely to be described as “tomboys” by their parents
  • they may have a partially masculinized phallus
  • none of the above; all are true
A

none of the above; all are true

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9
Q

Sry protein is produced in the

  • ovaries
  • testes
  • indifferent gonads
  • brain
A

b) testes

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10
Q

Which of the following about differences in sexual arousal in men and women is true?

  • men and women show similar patterns of copulatory sequence
  • masturbation rates are quite similar among adult men and women
  • the human sexual response resembles a cycle rather than a linear series of events
  • for women, desire is crucial for sexual initiation
A

for women, desire is crucial for sexual initiation

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11
Q

Development of masculine external genitalia is guaranteed by the presence of

  • the XY chromosome pattern
  • the wollfian duct system
  • secretion of androgens
  • none of the above
A

the XY chromosome pattern

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12
Q

Children with psychosocial dwarfism often show an almost complete lack of

  • growth hormone
  • corticosteroid
  • stress
  • epinephrine
A

-growth hormone

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13
Q

The complete androgen insensitivity phenotype in an XY adult would include which of the following?

  • testes, uterus, Fallopian tubes, labia, breasts
  • tests, vas deferens, uterus, Fallopian tubes, breasts
  • testes, labia, clitoris
  • ovaries, uterus, Fallopian tubes, labia, breasts
A
  • testes, labia, clitoris
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14
Q

The external genitalia of a human female wiht CAH often have a masculine form at birth as
a result of overproduction of androgens by the fetal

  • adrenal glands
  • ovaries
  • pituitary gland
  • testes
A

adrenal glands

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15
Q

Peptide hormones typically affect cellular processes by

  • entering the cell and providing a source of metabolic energy
  • interacting with specific receptors located in the cell nucleus
  • binding to DNA and altering gene expression
  • binding to membrane-bound receptors on the cell surface
A

binding to membrane-bound receptors on the cell surface

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16
Q

The molecular structure of peptide hormones involves

  • four interconnected rings of carbon atoms
  • short chains of amino acids
  • long chains of amino acids
  • modified tyrosine molecules
A

short chains of amino acids

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17
Q

Gametes are unique reproductive cells that

  • secrete mullerian-inhibiting substances
  • contain 23 pairs of chromosomes
  • carry half the genetic information of other cells of the body
  • are formed by the union of an eff and a sperm during fertilization
  • will eventually form the sex organs of the fetus
A

carry half the genetic information of other cells of the body

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18
Q

The key factor that determines whether the undifferentiated gonads develop into testes is the

  • gene Sry located on the Y chromosomes
  • gene Sry located on the X chromosome
  • secretion of androgens from the gonads
  • secretiong of testosterone from the adrenals
  • 21st pair of chromosomes
A

gene Sry located on the Y chromosomes

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19
Q

The prenatal development of the internal reproductive structures of the male requires

  • activation of the mullerian system by anti-mullerian hormone
  • secretion of estradiol by the pituitary
  • secretion of progesterone
  • secretion of androgens
  • secretion of progesterone
A

secretion of androgens

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20
Q

Which of the following would be considered a proceptive behavior in rats?

  • lordosis
  • intromission
  • earl wigglings
  • ear wiggling
  • none of the above
A

ear wiggling

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21
Q

Cortisol released from the adrenal gland during stress has which of the following actions

  • suppresses the immune system
  • releases energy stores from muscle
  • increases motivation
  • all of the above
A

all of the above

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22
Q

A hormone

  • comes only from special glands in the body such as the testes
  • travels some distance greater than a synapse to effect a target organ
  • is any substance that promotes genital development
  • all of the above
A

travels some distance greater than a synapse to effect a target organ

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23
Q

Administration of a GnRH antagonist to human males is most likely to cause

  • a loss of tactile sensitivity
  • a decrease in sexual interest and intercourse after two weeks of treatment
  • a loss of erections during REM sleep, but no change in sex drive
  • no change in sexual activity because the adrenals also secrete testosterone
  • increased secretion of testosterone
A

a decrease in sexual interest and intercourse after two weeks of treatment

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24
Q

Regulation of hormone secretion of testosterone and cortisol are

  • inhibited by high levels of thyroxine
  • controlled by negative feedback of hypothalamic releasing hormones
  • stimulated by LH and FSH from the pituitary gland
  • All of the above
A

All of the above

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25
Q

Which of the following is true of the hormone oxytocin?

  • Oxytocin is released from the adrenal gland during orgasm
  • Oxytocin relaxes smooth muscle
  • Oxytocin release can induce the ejection of milk in a lactating female
  • orgasm causes the rlease of Oxytocin only in females
  • Oxctocin release is controlled by the anterior pituitary
A

Oxytocin release can induce the ejection of milk in a lactating female

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26
Q

Peptide hormones are secreted from the ____, while many steroid hormones are secreted by the _____

  • hypothalamus; gonads
  • pituitary gland; liver
  • pituitary gland; hypothalamus
  • pituitary gland; testes
  • A and D
A

A and D

27
Q

Ovulation involves a surge in ___ which in turn ____

  • estrogen; promotes the longevity of the uterine lining
  • estrogen; disrupts the ovarian follicle
  • leptin; promotes the loss of the uterine lining
  • follicle-stimulation hormone; causes the release of luteinizing hormone
  • luteinizing hormone; reptures the ovarian follicle and releases and ovum
A

luteinizing hormone; reptures the ovarian follicle and releases and ovum

28
Q

The sexually dimorphic nucleus in the hypothalamus of rats is

  • several times smaller in females than in males
  • about 10% bigger in males than females
  • undergos cell death in early development in males only
  • develops during the first few weeks of gestation
  • none of the above
A

several times smaller in females than in males

29
Q

Based on the mechanism of action which of the following hormones would be expected to have the most long lasting effects on cellular function?

  • GnrH
  • LH
  • CRF
  • FSH
  • cortisol
A

cortisol

30
Q

The enzyme ____ converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone

  • tyrosine hydroxlase
  • 5-alpha reductase
  • seminal hydroxlase
  • 3,4 galactase
  • tryptophan hyrdroxlase
A

5-alpha reductase

31
Q

The formation of the ovaries during prenatal development is controlled by

  • the Sry gene
  • testosterone
  • the X chromosome
  • the Y chromosome
  • no factor
A

no factor

32
Q

The hormone which is primarily responsible for the normal differentiation of the male external genetalia is

  • testosterone
  • androstendione
  • cortisol
  • dihydrotestosterone
  • none of the above
A

dihydrotestosterone

33
Q

The adulthood psychological adjustment achieved by Bruce-Brenda- David, the male twin whose penis was ablated during a botched circumcision procedure at age 7 months, suggests that

  • nature’s impulse is to create a female
  • sexual identity may not be easily shifted by the upbringing of a child
  • regular injections of testosterone can shift sexual identity
  • genetic type is less important than are social factors
  • normal circumcision can alter sexual identity
A

sexual identity may not be easily shifted by the upbringing of a child

34
Q

According to the coolidge effect, a novel female

  • elicits motor responses that are incompatible with intromission
  • strengthens the sexual refractory period after ejaculation
  • diminishes the sexual refractory period of the male after ejaculation
  • fails to elicit sexual satiety
  • reduces the circulating levels of testosterone in the male rat
A

diminishes the sexual refractory period of the male after ejaculation

35
Q

The key effect of luteinizing hormone is to

  • stimulate beard growth
  • guide the implantation of the fertilized ovum
  • impair the growth of ovarian follicles
  • induce ovulation
  • promote the growth of axillary hair
A

induce ovulation

36
Q

A human female is more likely to initiate sexual activity with her partner

  • when her estrogen levels are lowest
  • just prior to menstruation
  • in the winter months
  • just after a surge in testosterone from her adrenals
  • at a point in the menstrual cycle when estradiol levels are highest
A

at a point in the menstrual cycle when estradiol levels are highest

37
Q

Which of the following is true of the sex chromosomes?

  • factors coded on the Y chromosome control the development of the male sex glands
  • the Y chromosome contains the blueprints for the male fetus
  • the sex chromosomes are the largest among the 23 pairs
  • the mother donates her Y chromosome to form a female fetus
  • the Y chromosome contains the blueprints for the female fetus
A

factors coded on the Y chromosome control the development of the male sex glands

38
Q

A genetic defect that results in a lack of an androgen receptor would result in

  • a true hermaphrodite
  • a masculine external appearance in XX females
  • a feminine appearance in XY females
  • an XY male with undescended testes
  • C and D
A

C and D

39
Q

The key distinction between an organizational hormone effect and an activational hormone effect is that

  • activational effects are permanent
  • organizational effects are permanent
  • organizational effects only occur during adulthood
  • activational effects are mediated by receptors, whereas organizational effects are due to temporary changes in neurotransmitter secretion
  • organizational effects only occur in the brain
A

organizational effects are permanent

40
Q

The growth of pubic and axillary hair is promoted by

  • androgens secreted from the adrenal cortex
  • leptin
  • estrogens secreted from the adrenal cortex
  • progesterone
  • kisspeptin
A

androgens secreted from the adrenal cortex

41
Q

The mullerian system structures are the precursors to the

  • male internal sex organs
  • ovaries
  • female internal sex organs
  • testes
  • penis and scrotum
A

c) female internal sex organs

42
Q

The prenatal development of the internal reproductive structures of the female

  • requires the suppression of the mullerian system by anti-mullerian hormone
  • requires secretion of estradiol by the pituitary
  • is caused by secretion of progesterone
  • requires no hormone
  • requires secretion of androgens
A

requires no hormone

43
Q

The primary differnece between peptide hormones and steroid hormones is

  • teroid hormones are amino acids strings instead of carbon rings
  • steroids are released fromthe pituitary gland
  • steroids bind to introcellular receptors, peptide hormones to membrane receptors
  • there are no differences
A

steroids bind to introcellular receptors, peptide hormones to membrane receptors

44
Q

Acromegaly is due to excessive release of

  • testosterone
  • TSH
  • growth hormone
  • FSH
A

growth hormone

45
Q

A person who is hypthyroid will often show signs of

  • manic activity
  • depression
  • psychosis
  • sleeplessness
A

b) depression

46
Q

A person who suffers from androgen- insensitivity syndrome would be expected to

  • show male external genitalia
  • have ovaries
  • secrete androgens
  • lack female internal reproductive structures
  • lack anti- mullerian hormone
A

lack female internal reproductive structures

47
Q

Some masculinization of the brain is due to

  • intracellular conversion of testosterone to to DHT by aromatase
  • intracellular conversion of testosterone to estrogen by 5-alpha reductase
  • testosterone induction of somatomedans produced by the liver
  • intracellular effects of the sry protein induced by testosterone
  • none of the above
A

intracellular effects of the sry protein induced by testosterone

48
Q

An example of a secondary sex characteristic is

  • ovary development
  • a deep voice
  • development of a clitoris
  • development of a vagina
  • formation of a penis
A

a deep voice

49
Q

The difference between receptivity and proceptivity is that

  • proceptivity reflects the eagerness of the female to copulate
  • proceptivity is not subject to change during the estrous cycle
  • loss of estrogen will reduce receptivity but not proceptivity
  • receptivity reflects the eagerness of the female to copulate
  • androgens facilitate receptivity but not proceptivity
A

proceptivity reflects the eagerness of the female to copulate

50
Q

Twin studies indicate that

  • there is a genetic basis for homosexuality in males as well as in females
  • identical male twins are less likely to be concordant for homosexuality than are fraternal male twins
  • a mlae child whose older twin sisters are heterosexual is more likely to be homosexual
  • homosexual women are liekly to have homosexual male relatives
  • early family environment is more important than genes for the development of homosexuality
A

there is a genetic basis for homosexuality in males as well as in females

51
Q

What principle demonstrated by the findings that mechanical stimulation of the genitals elicits sex-related behaviors in animals whose spinal cord has been cut?

  • sexual reflexes cannot occur without the brain
  • the brain is not requires for the sexual reflexes of erection and ejaculation
  • sexual orientation is dependent on spinal mechanisms
  • pathways from the hypothalamus to the spinal cord are key to sexual behavior
  • male sexual behavior can at times appear to be brainless
A

the brain is not requires for the sexual reflexes of erection and ejaculation

52
Q

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol

A

ACTH

53
Q

Stimulates estrogen and testosterone

A

LH

54
Q

Stimulates pituitary release of ACTH

A

CRF

55
Q

Stimulates LD and FSH release

A

GnRH

56
Q

Stimulates thyroxine release

A

TSH

57
Q

Stimulates growth hormone

A

GRF

58
Q

Stimulates sperm and egg development

A

FSH

59
Q

Thyroid gland produces what hormone

A

thyroxine

60
Q

Pancreas produces what hormone

A

insulin

61
Q

Adrenal produces what hormone

A

cortisol

62
Q

Testis produces what hormone

A

testosterone

63
Q

Ovaries produce what hormone

A

estrogen

Psych260 (2 decks)

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