Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Parameter

A

A value (average, percentage, etc.) calculated using all the data from a population.

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2
Q

Census

A

A survey of an entire population

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3
Q

Sample

A

A smaller subset of the entire population, ideally one that is fairly representative of the whole population.

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4
Q

Statistic

A

A value (average, percentage, etc.) calculated using the data from a sample.

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5
Q

Categorical vs. quantitative data

A

Categorical: able to be classified in to various categories.

Quantitate: numerical in nature, that can produce meaningful arithmetic calculations.

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6
Q

Sampling BIAS

A

Bias if every member of the population doesn’t have an equal likelihood of being in the sample.

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7
Q

Simple Random Sample

A

Random sample: each member of the population has an equal probability of being chosen.

Simple Random Sample: every member of the population AND any group of members as equal probability of being chosen.

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8
Q

Sampling variability

A

Natural and unavoidable variation of samples that takes place in random sampling.

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9
Q

Stratified sampling

A

A population is divided into a number of subgroups. Random samples are then taken from each subgroup with sample sizes proportional to the size of the subgroup in the population.

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10
Q

Quota sampling

A

Variation of stratified sampling, samples are collected in each subgroup until the desired quota is met.

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11
Q

Cluster sampling

A

Population divided into clusters, a cluster is selected to be the sample.

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12
Q

Systematic sampling

A

Every (nth) member of the population is selected to be in the sample.

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13
Q

Convenience sampling

A

Samples chosen by selected whoever is convenient.

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14
Q

Voluntary response sampling

A

Allowing the sample to volunteer

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15
Q

Voluntary response BIAS

A

When the sample is not representative of the population

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16
Q

Self-Interest BIAS

A

Bias that often occurs when the researchers have an interest in the outcome of the study.

17
Q

Response BIAS

A

Bias occurs when the responder gives and inaccurate response for any reason

18
Q

Perceived lack of anonymity BIAS

A

Bias occurs when the responder fears that giving an honest answer might negatively affect them

19
Q

Loaded question BIAS

A

Bias occurs when the question wording influences the responses

20
Q

Non-response BIAS

A

Bias occurs when people refusing to participate in a study can influence the validity of the outcome

21
Q

Observational studies

A

Study based on observations OR measurements

22
Q

Experiment

A

Study in which the effects of a TREATMENT are measured.

23
Q

Confounding

A

Occurs when there are two potential variables that could have caused the outcome and it is not possible to determine what actually caused the result.

24
Q

Control group

A

Control group does not receive the treatment in a study with a treatment group and control group.

25
Placebo effect
When the effectiveness of a treatment is influenced by the patient's perception of how effective they think the treatment will be, so a result might be seen even if the treatment is ineffectual.
26
Double-blind study
Study in which those interacting with the participants don't know who is the treatment group and who is the control group.
27
Population
The group the collected data for a study is intended to describe.