Quiz 3 Flashcards
Social Roles
Expected behaviors and attitudes that come with one’s position in society.
Role Transitions
Changes in roles due to changes in the individual or in his or her life circumstances.
Biological Clock
Patterns of change over adulthood in health and physical functioning.
Social Clock
Patterns of change over adulthood in social roles; time schedule of the normal sequence of adult life experiences.
Gender Roles
Actual behaviors and attitudes of men and women in a given culture during a given historical era.
Gender Stereotypes
Sets of shared beliefs or generalizations about how men and women in a society ought to behave.
Instrumental Qualities
Personal characteristics that have an active impact, such as being competitive, adventurous, and physically strong; stereotypical male qualities.
Communal Qualities
Personal characteristics that nurture and bring people together, such as being expressive and affectionate; stereotypical female qualities.
Learning-Schema Theory
Explanation of gender roles stating that children are taught to view the world and themselves through gender-polarized lenses that make artificial or exaggerated distinctions between what is masculine & what is feminine.
Social Role Theory
Explanation of gender roles based on children viewing the gender divisions around them and then modeling their behavior on those divisions.
Proximal Causes
Factors present in the immediate environment
Distal Causes
Factors that were present in the distant past.
Evolutionary Psychology
Field of psychology that explains human behavior in terms of genetic patterns that were useful in our primitive ancestors for survival and reproduction success.
Biosocial Perspective
Viewpoint that gender role bias is based on both biological differences and current social and cultural influences.
Transition to Adulthood
Period during which young people take on the social roles of early adulthood.
Emerging Adulthood
Period of transition from adolescence to young adulthood (approximately 18 to 25).
Cohabitation
Living together in an intimation partner without marriage.
Egalitarian Roles
Roles based on equality between genders.
Martial Selection Effection
Statistical effect in which healthier people are more apt to marry and stay married producing the appearance that marriage benefits health.
Marital Resources Effect
Explanation that married people have more financial and social resources; so have better mental and physical health.
Marital Crisis Effect
Explanation that married people have not been through the crises involved in divorce or widowhood and, as a result, have better mental and physical health.
Parental Imperative
Genetically programmed tendency for new parents to become more traditional in their gender roles.
Parental Investment Theory
In evolutionary psychology, the explanation that men and women evolved different behaviors and interests because the women have more invested in each child that the men.
Economics Exchange Theory
Explanation of gender roles stating that men and women form intimate partnerships based on an exchange of goods and services.
Crossover of Gender Roles
Hypothesized change in gender roles at midlife causing women to become masculine and men to become feminine.
Expansion of Gender Roles
Change in gender roles at midlife causing men and women to broaden their gender roles to include more attributes of the opposite gender.
Grandfamilies
Families formed when grandparents take the grandchildren into their home and care for them without the presence or assistance of their parents.
Caregiver Burden
Symptoms of decline in mental and physical health common among caregivers.