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GRST > quiz 3 > Flashcards

quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

difficult definition, often describes women in groups, hindering or helping heroes

A

Heroines

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2
Q

Princess of Troy, blames herself for war despite it not being her fault, smart, creates an epic poetic tapestry

A

Helen

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3
Q

a phantom at Troy, the real thing in Egypt, faithful wife, represents the anxieties and danger of women moving/travelling

A

Greek interpretation of Helen of Troy

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4
Q

Differences in how heroines are portrayed:
-Peripheral role
-Rarely involve travel or physical strength
-Stories about love and connection to others

A

Lee R. Edwards “Psyche as Hero: female heroism and Fictional Form”

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5
Q

All heroism appeals to love, makes love its end, relies on faith where knowledge is impossible, not necessarily romantic or sexual love

A

Lee R. Edwards definition of heroism

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6
Q

Idealized Greek male, defeated monsters, mortal who enters Olympus after death, worshipped throughout Mediterranean

A

Heracles

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7
Q

Zeus and Alcmene have twins, Hera tries to kill Heracles with snakes, baby Heracles defeats snakes, Hera drives adult Heracles mad making him kill his wife (Megara) and children

A

Heracles’ birth and constant persecution by Hera

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8
Q

Nemean lion with indestructible skin, Heracles wrestles lion and takes skin as armour

A

First labour

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9
Q

contests undertaken for a prize, In Heracles’ case: immortality

A

Athloi

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10
Q

Capture or relocation of dangerous animals, establishes spacial boundaries, represents fear of wild animals and other cultural norms, crossing social boundaries makes you dangerous like animals (Amazons)

A

Five labours

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11
Q

Heracles’ as murderer of his wife an child, is convinced not to kill himself by Theseus, can one go out into the world and be violent and then fit back into domesticated life? Connected to athletes going mad after multiple concussions

A

Euripides’ “The madness of Heracles”

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12
Q

Heracles kills centaur Nessos, saves Deianira, Nessos gives Deianira fake love potion.
Deianira is jealous of younger woman and give Heracles love potion that is actually poison, he dies and Deianira kills herself in guilt.
Then Heracles’ son marries his dad’s young lover? This is weird and paints Heracles as a monstrous crosser of boundaries

A

Sophocles’ “Trachiniae”

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13
Q

Heracles’ confronts animals more than any other hero, common origins with “master of animals” figure

A

Interpretive approach to Heracles by Walter Burkert, story origins and patterns

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14
Q

Seven character types, 31 functions
Always happen in order even if some are skipped
Fits Heracles’ stories but not all myths

A

Vladimir Propp’s Mythology of the Folktale

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15
Q

Artemis wants Admetos dead, Apollo wants to save him as he is a good host.
They call on Thanatos who says they need a replacement, Admetos’ wife volunteers but asks him not to remarry.
Heracles finds out and saves wife from underworld but she cannot speak, a heroine who is not respected or asked her wants and needs

A

Euripides’ Alcestis

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16
Q

Romantic legends grafted onto saga of the return of a prince
Meets many people, gods, and monsters
Returning to wife Penelope and son Telemachus on Ithaca

A

Odysseus’ Adventures

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17
Q

mortal embodiment of Metis (wisdom and cunning)
learns from female characters

A

Odysseus

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18
Q

Books 1–4: Suitors want to marry Penelope on Ithica
Book 5+: Odysseus dominates story with resourcefulness and cunning
Important roles of Athena and Poseidon
Ten year journey

A

The Odyssey

19
Q

Odysseus and men enter cyclops son of Poseidon’s cave and help themselves, cyclops returns and eats some men, Odysseus gets cyclops drunk, says name is Nobody (Outis), Odysseus blinds cyclops, “Nobody is killing me!”
Relates to Greek cultural values:
Mutual violations of xenia (hospitality)
Cannibalism, blinding, and escape
Odysseus less than heroic
Greek colonizing efforts in the Mediterranean

A

Polyphemus: the “uncultured” monster

20
Q

Odysseus does disguised reconnaissance in the palace, finds faithful wife and wasteful suitors, Odysseus proves his identity with knowledge of his bed.
Odysseus wins bow contest, kills Antinous and other suitors, also the faithless servant women are hanged

A

Odysseus’ return, second half of Odyssey

21
Q

The importance of the journey
Don’t be afraid of challenges, they are the whole point and created/set up by you yourself

A

Constantine Cavafy’s “Ithaca”
Interpretative approach to The Odyssey

22
Q

The Hero with a Thousand Faces (1949)
–The hero’s journey and an individual’s life
–The monomyth and Hollywood
–Only applies to men’s journeys and is culturally specific

A

Joseph Campbell’s monomyth
Interpretative approach to The Odyssey

23
Q

Hero’s quest represents the internal reality of readers, not the heroes
–The reader’s subjective experience
–The hero’s landscape is very near
-We see ourselves in the hero

A

W. H. Auden’s “The Quest Hero”
Interpretative approach to The Odyssey

24
Q

Plague in Thebes and Oedipus’s investigation
Oedipus pieces together the truth of his identity
Jocasta commits suicide and Oedipus blinds himself

A

Sophocles’ “Oedipus Tyrannus”

25
Q

play about Oedipus’s disappearance

A

Sophocles’ “Oedipus at Colonus”

26
Q

Prophecy tells Laius if he has a son the son will kill him, he abandons infant son on Mt. Cithaeron who is later saved and given to Polybus and Merope, king and queen of Corinth
Named Oedipus (swellfoot) from ankle-wound
Leaves to discover true parentage, oracle tells him he will kill his father and marry his mother.
Kills Laius not knowing he’s his father

A

Beginning of tragedy of Oedipus

27
Q

Thebes plagued by Sphinx’s riddle, Regent Creon offering throne and Jocasta.
Oedipus answers riddle and becomes king of Thebes, unknowingly marries his mother Jocasta.
A plague (sent by gods?) in Thebes, people want new king Oedipus to investigate

A

The Enigma of the Sphinx

28
Q

conflicting authorities, political and religious, king and prophet.
Imagery of blindness: physical blindness, but the ability to see the truth (as Oedipus does at the end)
Oedipus’s initial respect transformed into anger and accusations (claims Tiresias seeks political power).
Two different POVs: Oedipus is talking for his community, and Tiresias’ words only refer to the individual, and this is a private matter.

A

Oedipus & Tiresias
Tiresias telling Oedipus the truth about his life

29
Q

common trope in Greek drama. Sophocles plays
with it and distorts it to obtain a stronger
dramatic effect.
Usually, the foundling has achieved some great accomplishments, Recognition is usually positive: for Oedipus it is what leads to disaster

A

Foundling Narrative

30
Q

Messenger from Corinth (man who found Oedipus) and his news
Jocasta tragic mother: the first to realize the horror
Oedipus discovers truth and Jocasta kills herself, Oedipus blinds himself and goes into exile

A

End of tragedy of Oedipus

31
Q

Psychology of the tyrant
Fate vs Free Will: Oedipus cannot avoid family curse, but tries anyways, then lives with the outcome instead of killing himself

A

Psychological approach to Oedipus’ Tragedy

32
Q

it is possible to create an “analogous general truth” of the relationships that constitute the Oedipal triangle.
discovery of the truth in the drama - the need to go back to the past and reinterpret it - is interpreted by Freud as similar to psychoanalysis.
The universality of the desire to kill the father and commit incest allows Freud to consider this as a law of nature, a necessity that is extraneous to free individual choices

A

Sigmund Freud’s “Oedipus complex”
The Interpretation of Dreams (1899)

33
Q

magical ship of special oak, can talk

A

The Argo, built by Argus

34
Q

crew of heroes from all over greece, quests and specific heroes vary based on author.
sometimes Orpheus and Heracles were there but not in the original

A

The Argonauts

35
Q

mortal lineage (unique for heroes), wife descended from gods is the real hero.
Two homecomings, kicked out by uncle he must prove himself to reenter Greece

A

Jason

36
Q

uncle Pelias, the man with one sandal, sends Jason to bring back the Golden Fleece hoping it will kill him.
The Argo is built and Jason sails to Colchis where king Aeetes assigns impossible tasks for the fleece.
Yoke fire-breathing bulls, sow dragon’s teeth and kill the armed men

A

Jason and the Argonauts journey

37
Q

daughter of Aeëtes, loves Jason
Priestess of Hecate; as skilled as aunt Circe in magic
Gives Jason magic ointment to pass Aeëtes’ tasks, Jason drugs serpent, takes the Fleece.
Euripides makes her the dragon slayer not Jason.
challenges negative greek views on “dangerous women”, the romans would later make Jason the hero and her just a crazy woman

A

Medea

38
Q

Jason leaves Colchis with Medea, pursued by her brother Apsyrtus. Jason kills Apsyrtus and Medea lets him die (fully committed to Jason).
return to greece, Iolcus and the death of Pelias (thanks to Medea).
they move to Corinth and Jason agrees to marry Creusa, daughter of king Creon

A

Jason and Medea’s lover’s quest and broken trust

39
Q

a woman’s revenge on her husband by murdering the new bride and their sons.
Ethically shocking as she goes unpunished
she is seen as an alien immigrant, barbaric and monstrous, betrayal of “femininity”.
Does so much for Jason and is the reason for his success, is alone in a foreign country, then forced into exile with children when Jason remarries.
Jason is smug, calls her jealous, she calls him out referring to him as Zeus.
provocatively female POV calling out greek mens views of women

A

Euripides’ Medea

40
Q

More favourable portrayals of Jason
Ovid’s, Metamorphoses: Medea’s powers and the poet’s powers.
Seneca’s, Role of Seneca’s Stoicism? The themes of Ratio (reason) and FUROR (madness)
killing Jason’s children brings Medea no benefit, she tries to restrain herself but her sentiment tears her apart until she goes mad

A

the Roman Medea

41
Q

Zeus visits Danaë (locked up by father to keep her chastity) in a shower of gold, she becomes pregnant and she and her baby Perseus are kicked out by her father.
Perseus and Danaë arrive on Seriphos where Polydectes sends Perseus to recover the head of Medusa but he doesn’t know where to find her.
Perseus visits the Graeae (the gray ones)
–Three women old from birth
–Have one eye and one tooth among them which Perseus takes until they tell him where Medusa is
From the nymphs, Perseus receives magic gifts:
–Cape of Invisibility
–Winged sandals
–Kibisis, bag for Medusa’s head
From Hermes: scimitar

A

Perseus

42
Q

Medusa and the gorgons’ appearance
Perseus beheads Medusa
Perseus rescues Andromeda from a sea-monster
in Ethiopia, wins her hand in marriage
Perseus turns Phineus (Andromeda’s betrothed) and his men to stone
Returns to Seriphos and turns Polydectes to stone saving his mother

A

Perseus’ quest

43
Q

Three sisters who turn those who look at them to stone
Medusa the only mortal one, punished by Zeus
Perseus petrifies and beheads Medusa using shield’s reflection
From Medusa’s body: two children Chrysaor (man) and Pegasus (winged horse)
–Hippocrene fountain created by Pegasus
Sister Gorgons crying for Medusa’s death is beautiful and Athena invents flute to recreate it

A

Three Gorgons

44
Q

Medusa’s gorgon head as a symbol of protection, later she is portrayed as a beautiful maiden.
Raped by poseidon in temple of Athena, Athena punishes Medusa by making her hair snakes and repulsing everybody (victim only person punished).
Her power of turning people into stone is then taken by Perseus and he uses it a lot

A

Medusa’s tragic backstory

GRST (4 decks)

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