quiz 3 Flashcards
Benedict’s reagent
Tests for glucose
Positive: Yellow, Orange, and Red
Iodine (IKI / I2K reagent
Tests for starch
Positive: Dark Blue
Sucrose ___ into glucose and fructose
Hydrolyzes
Solvent
dissolving agent
Solute
dissolved substance
Selective Permeability
Some substances can cross the plasma membrane easier than others
Osmosis
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
Tonicity
The ability of surrounding solution that causes the cell to gain or lose water
Isotonic
solute concentration is the same as that inside the cell – no net movement
Hypertonic
solute concentration is GREATER than that inside the cell – cell LOSES water
Hypotonic
solute concentration is LESSER than that inside the cell – cell GAINS water
Human/Animal cells prefer a
Isotonic Solution
In a hypertonic environment, plant cells LOSE water which leads to a lethal effect
Plasmolysis
*Plant cells prefer a
Hypotonic Solution
Turgid
a plant cell in a hypotonic solution that swells until the wall opposes uptake
Flaccid
a plant cell in an isotonic solution with no net movement of water into the cell - wilting
Osmosis
the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from a region where it is highly concentrated to a region where its concentration is lower.
Enzyme
biological catalysts – catalytic protein
Catalysts
a chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction
Substrate
the reactant that an enzyme acts on
Enzyme-Subtrate-Complex
formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate
Active Site
the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds
*Enzymes are affected by or are sensitive to:
Temperature, PH, Chemicals, Inhibitors
Competitive Inhibitors
bind to the active site of an enzyme and compete with the substrate
Noncompetitive Inhibitors
bind to another part of an enzyme, causing a shape change to the enzyme – making the active site less effective
Cofactors
non protein enzyme helpers
Inorganic Metals
– Iron (FERRIC), Magnesium, Zinc
Coenzymes
– organic cofactors – vitamins – A, D, K, E