Quiz 3

Question 1

the nervous system

Answer 1

responsible for monitoring our body’s state.

conducting messages FROM our senses and organs TO the organs and muscles through nerves

Question 2

central nervous sytem

Answer 2

consists of spinal cord and brain

Question 3

peripheral nervous system

Answer 3

consists of 12 cranial nerves and 31 spinal nerves

nerves interact with the CNS

Question 4

brainstem

Answer 4

regulates INVOLUNTARY FUNCTIONS (e.g. breathing and heart rate)

medulla oblongata
pons
thalmus
midbrain

Question 5

spinal cord

Answer 5

transmits impulses between the brain and peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 6

cerebellum

Answer 6

motor functions, language processing
higher order cognitive and emotional functions
executive functioning- working memory, attention, affect or emotion,

information travels from the upper part of the brain to the cerebellum and back again.

Question 7

cerebrum

Answer 7

largest part of the brain; right and left hemispheres.

contralateral sensory and motor functions.

nerves cross to opposite side of body.

Question 8

cerebral hemispheres

Answer 8

right and left hemispheres- symmetrical for most functions

asymmetrical for language–> left hemisphere is more highly involved in processing and production

Question 9

each hemisphere consists of:

Answer 9

white fibrous connective tracts covered by gray cortex of nerve cell bodies.

there are 3 types- association, projection and transverse fibers

Question 10

association fibers

Answer 10

run between different areas within each hemisphere

Question 11

projection fibers

Answer 11

connect the cortex to the brainstem and below

Question 12

transverse fibers

Answer 12

connect the 2 hemispheres; largest is the corpus callosum

Question 13

cerebral cortex

Answer 13

appears to be wrinkled-like because of gyri (hills) and sulci (valleys)

each hemisphere is divided into 4 lobes: frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital

Question 14

frontal lobe

Answer 14

makes sense of information for decision making

responsible for behavioral traits

important for language production

Question 15

frontal association area

Answer 15

pre frontal cortex:

executive functions- skills/tools to complete a specific task

synthesis of sensory and motor information

Question 16

motor cortex

Answer 16

controls motor movements –> voluntary movements

Question 17

temporal lobe

Answer 17

decodes auditory information

important for language comprehension

Question 18

occipital lobe

Answer 18

decodes visual information–> reading, ASL, nonlinguistic cues, schemas

Question 19

parietal lobe

Answer 19

decodes information from our senses

monitors relative position of our body and limbs (autistic ppl struggle with this)

paralinguistic cues

Question 20

central sulcus

Answer 20

separates frontal lobe from parietal lobe

sensory info

Question 21

primary motor cortex

Answer 21

2 centimeter wide strip that controls voluntary movements

the finer the movements the larger the cortical area designated for it
gross- big mvmts
fine-small mvmts

Question 22

right hemisphere

Answer 22

holistic processing (bigger picture) and visuospatial processing (whats going on around us)- recognition and perception of faces, pictures, recognizes printed words but has difficulty decoding

extralinguistic aspects of communication-speech prosody and affect, metaphorical language and semantics

comprehension of complex linguistic- things that are ambiguous or not straightforward; sarcasm, jokes, etc.

pragmatics- the perception and expression of emotion in language, ability to understand jokes, irony, and figurative language, and ability to produce and comprehend coherent discourse

Question 23

left hemisphere

Answer 23

mechanics of language production and comprehension

dominant for control of speech and non-speech related oral movements

specialized for language in all modalities- speaking, listening, reading and writing

linear order perception- arithmetic calculations and logical reasoning

adept at perceiving rapidly acoustic characteristics of phonemes in speech - almost all right handers and 60% of left handers are left hemisphere dominant for language

Question 24

language comprehension and production is …

Answer 24

DYNAMIC- not sequential