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SEE 351 > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some inorganic immobilization materials?

A

Clays
Silicates
Glass beads
Ceramics

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2
Q

What are some organic immobilization materials?

A

Cellulose
Starch
Alginate
Activated carbon
Keratin
Agar-agar
Loofa sponge

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3
Q

What are some types of cell immobilization?

A

Biofilms
Flocs
Sludge
Entrapment (membrane of matrix)

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4
Q

What are some benefits to cell immobilization?

A
  1. High cell concentration in a reactor
  2. Eliminates need for cell recycle
  3. Eliminates cell washout at high dilution rates
  4. Enhanced productivity
  5. Improved genetic stability
  6. Protects cells from toxic effects
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5
Q

What are some challenges to cell immobilization?

A
  1. Diffusion limitations can dominate
  2. Microenvironmental conditions are difficult to control (causes heterogeneity)
  3. Gas dispersion may cause problems
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6
Q

What are 2 common applications for biofilms?

A
  1. Wastewater treatment
  2. Mold fermentations
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7
Q

What are four advantages to solid-state fermenters?

A
  1. Lower reactor volume
  2. Lower capital and operating costs
  3. Reduced chance of contamination by bacteria
  4. Energy efficient
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8
Q

What are two disadvantages to solid-state fermenters?

A
  1. Poor mixing, high heterogeneity
  2. Difficult to control operational parameters
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9
Q

What are four types of solid-state fermenters?

A
  1. Tray type fermenter
  2. Packed-bed fermenter
  3. Rotating drum design
  4. Mixed and aerated bioreactor
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10
Q

What are three benefits to internal mechanical agitation?

A
  1. High oxygen transfer
  2. Scalable to larger sizes
  3. Accomodates high viscosities
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11
Q

How large is a impeller diameter relative to its tank diameter in a typically internal mechanical agitation bioreactor?

A

30-50% of tank diameter

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12
Q

Name fours types of impellers

A
  1. Ruston impeller
  2. Turbine impeller
  3. Marine impeller
  4. Paddle impeller
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13
Q

What are 5 advantages to bubble columns

A
  1. Simple design
  2. High energy efficiency
  3. Low-shear environment
  4. Minimize entry of contamination
  5. Effective in low viscosity liquid media
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14
Q

What are 3 disdvantages to bubble columns?

A
  1. Bubble and foam formation
  2. Limited applications
  3. Energy inefficiencies from perforated plates
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15
Q

Name 3 advantages to loops reactors

A
  1. Handles high viscosities
  2. High oxygen transfers rates
  3. Better cooling
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16
Q

Name 4 advantages to single-use reactors

A
  1. Rapid implementation
  2. Greater responsiveness to market conditions
  3. Ease in meeting sterilization requirements
  4. Light-weight
17
Q

Name four disadvantages to single-use bioreactors

A
  1. Limited ability of mixing and oxygen transfer
  2. Possibility of leaching materials from plastic
  3. Size limitations
  4. Plastic waste generation
18
Q

What does the variable C_L represent?

A

Dissolved oxygen concentration

19
Q

What does the variable C* represent?

A

saturated dissolved oxygen concentration

20
Q

What is critical oxygen concentration?

A

Growth rates become independent of dissolved oxygen

21
Q

Oxygen transfer rates are dependent on which three variables?

A
  1. Oxygen transfer coefficient
  2. Dissolved oxygen conc.
  3. Saturated oxygen conc.
22
Q

Oxygen uptake rates are dependent on which four variables?

A
  1. Growth rate
  2. Product yield coefficient
  3. Cell conc.
  4. Respiration rates
23
Q

Name three methods to determine kLa

A
  1. Empirical method
  2. Steady-state method
  3. Dynamic method
24
Q

What is a main difference between the steady-state and dynamic method?

A

The OTR and OUR are not equal

25
Q

Name 4 common sensors in a reactor

A
  1. Physical environment (pH, temperature, DO, pressure, viscosity
  2. Inputs (volume, rates, power)
  3. Gas flow rates
  4. Chemical composition
26
Q

Name four types of products

A
  1. Biomass (cells)
  2. Extra cellular products
  3. Intracellular product
  4. Unconverted substrate
27
Q

Name the four steps to processing bioreactor broth

A
  1. Remove particulates (cell debris, filtration)
  2. Primary isolation
  3. Purification
  4. Final product isolation
28
Q

Name five options for sterilization of liquids

A
  1. UV radiation
  2. Sonication
  3. Filtration (membranes)
  4. Heating (using autoclave or pasteurization)
  5. Chemical additions (ethanol, formaldehyde)
29
Q

What source of feedstock has the highest biomass yield

A

Microalgae (switchgrass second)

30
Q

List some sources of bioethanol

A

Corn stover
Corn
Wheat
Cassava
Sweet sorghum
Sugar beet
Sugar cane
Switch grass
Microalgae

SEE 351 (1 decks)

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