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MCB 2400 > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

gene

A

inherited factor that determines a character

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2
Q

allele

A

different variations of a gene

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3
Q

locus

A

place on a chromosome where an allele is found

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4
Q

genotype

A

the set of alleles an organism has

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5
Q

phenotype

A

manifestation/appearance

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6
Q

homozygous

A

diploid organism with two identical alleles at a given locus

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7
Q

heterozygous

A

diploid organism with two different alleles at a given locus

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8
Q

Mendel’s Conclusions

A
  1. each F1 plant must possess two alleles encoding a character
  2. the two alleles in each plant separate and each gamete gets only one
  3. two alleles of a plant separate with equal probability
  4. concept of dominance
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9
Q

concept of dominance

A

trait that remained unchanged in F1=dominant
trait that disappears in F1=recessive

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10
Q

Principle of Segregation

A

two alleles from each parent separate and each gamete gets only one
each allele has a 50% of being found in any of the 4 gametes produced

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11
Q

Multiplication rule

A

the probability of 2+ independent events occurring together is calculated by multiplying their probabilities
“and”=multiplication

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12
Q

Addition Rule

A

the probability of any one of two or more mutually exclusive events is calculated by adding their probabilities
“or”=addition

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13
Q

Principle of independent assortment

A

when two alleles separate their separation is independent of the separation of other alleles at other loci

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14
Q

Branch Diagram Method

A

Break cross down into two monohybrid crosses
use multiplication rule to figure out total probability

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15
Q

test cross

A

one individual of unknown genotype is crossed with another individual with a homozygous recessive genotype
this reveals the genotype of the unknown

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16
Q

Chi-Square

A

goodness-of-fit test
used to predict the probability that genes are expressed following Mendel

17
Q

Lethal Alleles

A

Extreme of genetic variation where phenotypes are bad
cause death, usually in early development

18
Q

dominant

A

heterozygote is the same as one parent

19
Q

incomplete dominance

A

heterozygote as an intermediate
range of different phenotypes
intermediate is highest ratio and doesn’t match parent

20
Q

codominance

A

heterozygote exhibits both phenotypes

21
Q

epistasis

A

one gene hides/masks the effect of another gene at a different locus

22
Q

recessive epistasis

A

presence of two recessive alleles inhibits the expression of allele at a different locus
Ex. Bombay phenotype

23
Q

dominant epistasis

A

presence of a single copy of an allele can inhibit the expression of an allele at a different locus

24
Q

epistatic gene

A

gene that does the masking

25
Q

hypostatic gene

A

gene whose effect is masked

26
Q

What is CFTR?

A

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conducted regulator

27
Q

What is the function of CFTR?

A

maintains fluidity of mucus and other secretions
forms channels that transport Cl ions through the cell membrane, this controls the movement of water

28
Q

How does CFTR cause disease?

A

failed ion transport leads to failed movement of water, producing an abnormally thick and sticky mucus
- clogs lungs
-obstructs pancreas
- blocks bile ducts in liver
- blacks vas deferens

29
Q

pleiotropy

A

single gene impacts many characteristics

30
Q

penetrance

A

percentage of individuals with a particular genotype that expressed the expected phenotype

31
Q

incomplete penetrance

A

genotype does not produce expected phenotype

32
Q

expressivity

A

degree to which a character is expressed (range)

33
Q

sex-linked

A

genes on X or Y chromosome
ex. colorblindness

34
Q

sex-influenced

A

genes on autosomes are more readily expressed in one sex
ex. bearded goats (females don’t fully express)

35
Q

sex-limited

A

autosomal genes expressed in only one sex
ex. rooster feathering

36
Q

genomic imprinting

A

genes whose expression is influenced by sex of transmitting parent

MCB 2400 (7 decks)

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