quiz 3 Flashcards
Gleuteus maximus
Origin-Gluteal surface of ilium, lumbar fascia, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion-Gluteal tuberosity of the femur and iliotibial tract
Nerve-Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1 and S2 nerve roots)
Actions-External rotation and extension of the hip joint, supports the extended knee through the iliotibial tract, chief antigravity muscle in sitting and abduction of the hip
Gleutius medius
Origin -Gluteal surface of ilium, under gluteus maximus
Insertion-Greater trochanter of the femur
Nerve-superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1 nerve roots)
Actions- abduction of the hip; preventing adduction of the hip.medial rotation of thigh.
gleutius minimus
Origin -From area in between the anterior gluteal line and inferior gluteal line of Gluteal surface ilium, under gluteus medius.
Insertion- Greater trochanter of the femur
Nerve-superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1 nerve roots)
Actions-Works in concert with gluteus medius: abduction of the hip; preventing adduction of the hip. Medial rotation of thigh.
piriformis
Origin -Sacrum
Insertion-Greater trochanter
Nerve-Nerve to the piriformis (L5, S1, and S2)
Actions-External rotator of the thigh
Tensa Fascia Late
Origin- iliac crest
Insertion- iliotibial tract
Nerve -Superior gluteal nerve (L4-L5)
Actions-Thigh - flexion, medial rotation, abduction. Trunk stabilization.
superior Gemellus
Origin- spine of the ischium
Insertion- Obturator Internus tendon
Nerve- nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2)
Actions-Rotates laterally thigh
Obturator internus
Origin-Ischiopubic ramus & obturator membrane
Insertion- Medial aspect of the greater trochanter
Nerve- Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2)
Actions- Abducts & externally rotates thigh, and stabilizer of the hip during walking
Inferior Gemellus
Origin- Ischial tuberosity
Insertion- Obturator internus tendon
Nerve- Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-S1)
Actions-Rotates laterally thigh
quadratus femoris
Origin- Ischial tuberosity
Insertion- Intertrochanteric crest
Nerve- Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-S1)
Actions- lateral rotation and adduction of thigh[1]
quadratus Lumborum
Origin- iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament
Insertion- Last rib and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
Nerve- The twelfth thoracic and first through fourth lumbar nerves
Actions- Alone, lateral flexion of vertebral column; Together, depression of thoracic rib cage
psoas major
Origin- Transverse processes of T12-L5 and the lateral aspects of the discs between them
Insertion- In the lesser trochanter of the femur
Nerve- Lumbar plexus via anterior branches of L1-L3 nerves
Actions- Flexes and rotates laterally thigh
psoas minor
Origin- Lateral surface bodies of T12 and L1 vertebrae and intervening intervertebral disc
Insertion- Pectineal line and iliopubic eminence
Nerve- Anterior ramus of nerve L1
Actions- Weak trunk flexor
iliacus
Origin- upper two-third of the iliac fossa
Insertion- base of the lesser trochanter of femur
Nerve- femoral nerve
Actions- flexes and rotates laterally thigh
4 quadrants of the gleutial region
Right Cheek: Sensory
upper left- superior cluneal, middle cluneal (dorsal rami )
lower left- Posterior femoral cutaneous (ventral rami S123)
upper right- Iliohypogastric(VR of L1)
lower right- lateral femoral cutaneous (VR L2, L3)
IVD
what makes up the IVD?
The annulus fibrosis and the nucleus pulposus and the vertebral end plates
Vascular supply and innervation to the IVD
Anulus fibrosis: nerve- recurrent meningeal nerve (ventral rami), the lateral and anterior aspects are by sympathetic chain * no vascular supply, it gets its nutrients through imbibition
nucleus pulposus- no nerve supply, no vascular suply
vertebral end plates- very porus and allow disc to recieve nutrients through imbibition
pathologies of an IVD
protrusion- outpouching of anulus fibrosus, nuclear material still in tact
extrusion or prolapse- disc lesion of nuclear material. nucleus is still attached to annulus fibrosis
swquestration free floating fragment that has lost contact with nuclear material
peripheral nerves
endoneurium
innermost layer
function- protection of the nerve fibers
peripheral nerves
perineurium
its a lamellar sheath that encompasses each fascicle
function- mechanical strength as well as a biochemical barrier ( ionic enviroment)
peripheral nerves
epineurium
outtermost layer
function- cushions nerve and maintains oxygen supply via the epineural blood supply
IVF boundaries of cervical and lumbar vertebrae
- bodies of vertrebrae above and below
- ivd between two vertebrae
- inferior vertebral notch of vertebrae below
- superior vertebral notch of vertebrae below
- zygopophyseal joint
IVF boundaries of thoracic vertebrae
- body of vertebrae above only
- IVD between the 2 vertebrae
- inferior vertebral notch of vertebrae above
- superior vertebral notch of vertebrae below
- zygopophyseal joint
contents of the IVF
- true spinal nerve trunk surrounded by 3 meninges
- dorsal root ganglion
- spinal artery (segmental artery in the area: vertebral, intercostals, lumbar)
- anterior and posterior radicular veins
- dural root sleeve
- the recurrent meningeal nerves
- the intervertebral veins
- lymphatic channels that run with vertebral venous plexus
- adipose tissue
