quiz 3

Question 1

Gleuteus maximus

Answer 1

Origin-Gluteal surface of ilium, lumbar fascia, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion-Gluteal tuberosity of the femur and iliotibial tract

Nerve-Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1 and S2 nerve roots)

Actions-External rotation and extension of the hip joint, supports the extended knee through the iliotibial tract, chief antigravity muscle in sitting and abduction of the hip

Question 2

Gleutius medius

Answer 2

Origin -Gluteal surface of ilium, under gluteus maximus

Insertion-Greater trochanter of the femur

Nerve-superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1 nerve roots)

Actions- abduction of the hip; preventing adduction of the hip.medial rotation of thigh.

Question 3

gleutius minimus

Answer 3

Origin -From area in between the anterior gluteal line and inferior gluteal line of Gluteal surface ilium, under gluteus medius.

Insertion- Greater trochanter of the femur

Nerve-superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1 nerve roots)

Actions-Works in concert with gluteus medius: abduction of the hip; preventing adduction of the hip. Medial rotation of thigh.

Question 4

piriformis

Answer 4

Origin -Sacrum
Insertion-Greater trochanter
Nerve-Nerve to the piriformis (L5, S1, and S2)
Actions-External rotator of the thigh

Question 5

Tensa Fascia Late

Answer 5

Origin- iliac crest
Insertion- iliotibial tract
Nerve -Superior gluteal nerve (L4-L5)
Actions-Thigh - flexion, medial rotation, abduction. Trunk stabilization.

Question 6

superior Gemellus

Answer 6

Origin- spine of the ischium
Insertion- Obturator Internus tendon
Nerve- nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2)
Actions-Rotates laterally thigh

Question 7

Obturator internus

Answer 7

Origin-Ischiopubic ramus & obturator membrane

Insertion- Medial aspect of the greater trochanter

Nerve- Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2)

Actions- Abducts & externally rotates thigh, and stabilizer of the hip during walking

Question 8

Inferior Gemellus

Answer 8

Origin- Ischial tuberosity

Insertion- Obturator internus tendon

Nerve- Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-S1)

Actions-Rotates laterally thigh

Question 9

quadratus femoris

Answer 9

Origin- Ischial tuberosity

Insertion- Intertrochanteric crest

Nerve- Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-S1)

Actions- lateral rotation and adduction of thigh[1]

Question 10

quadratus Lumborum

Answer 10

Origin- iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament

Insertion- Last rib and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

Nerve- The twelfth thoracic and first through fourth lumbar nerves

Actions- Alone, lateral flexion of vertebral column; Together, depression of thoracic rib cage

Question 11

psoas major

Answer 11

Origin- Transverse processes of T12-L5 and the lateral aspects of the discs between them

Insertion- In the lesser trochanter of the femur

Nerve- Lumbar plexus via anterior branches of L1-L3 nerves

Actions- Flexes and rotates laterally thigh

Question 12

psoas minor

Answer 12

Origin- Lateral surface bodies of T12 and L1 vertebrae and intervening intervertebral disc

Insertion- Pectineal line and iliopubic eminence

Nerve- Anterior ramus of nerve L1

Actions- Weak trunk flexor

Question 13

iliacus

Answer 13

Origin- upper two-third of the iliac fossa

Insertion- base of the lesser trochanter of femur

Nerve- femoral nerve

Actions- flexes and rotates laterally thigh

Question 14

4 quadrants of the gleutial region

Answer 14

Right Cheek: Sensory
upper left- superior cluneal, middle cluneal (dorsal rami )
lower left- Posterior femoral cutaneous (ventral rami S123)
upper right- Iliohypogastric(VR of L1)
lower right- lateral femoral cutaneous (VR L2, L3)

Question 15

IVD

what makes up the IVD?

Answer 15

The annulus fibrosis and the nucleus pulposus and the vertebral end plates

Question 16

Vascular supply and innervation to the IVD

Answer 16

Anulus fibrosis: nerve- recurrent meningeal nerve (ventral rami), the lateral and anterior aspects are by sympathetic chain * no vascular supply, it gets its nutrients through imbibition

nucleus pulposus- no nerve supply, no vascular suply

vertebral end plates- very porus and allow disc to recieve nutrients through imbibition

Question 17

pathologies of an IVD

Answer 17

protrusion- outpouching of anulus fibrosus, nuclear material still in tact

extrusion or prolapse- disc lesion of nuclear material. nucleus is still attached to annulus fibrosis

swquestration free floating fragment that has lost contact with nuclear material

Question 18

peripheral nerves

endoneurium

Answer 18

innermost layer

function- protection of the nerve fibers

Question 19

peripheral nerves

perineurium

Answer 19

its a lamellar sheath that encompasses each fascicle

function- mechanical strength as well as a biochemical barrier ( ionic enviroment)

Question 20

peripheral nerves

epineurium

Answer 20

outtermost layer

function- cushions nerve and maintains oxygen supply via the epineural blood supply

Question 21

IVF boundaries of cervical and lumbar vertebrae

Answer 21

1. bodies of vertrebrae above and below
2. ivd between two vertebrae
3. inferior vertebral notch of vertebrae below
4. superior vertebral notch of vertebrae below
5. zygopophyseal joint

Question 22

IVF boundaries of thoracic vertebrae

Answer 22

1. body of vertebrae above only
2. IVD between the 2 vertebrae
3. inferior vertebral notch of vertebrae above
4. superior vertebral notch of vertebrae below
5. zygopophyseal joint

Question 23

contents of the IVF

Answer 23

1. true spinal nerve trunk surrounded by 3 meninges
2. dorsal root ganglion
3. spinal artery (segmental artery in the area: vertebral, intercostals, lumbar)
4. anterior and posterior radicular veins
5. dural root sleeve
6. the recurrent meningeal nerves
7. the intervertebral veins
8. lymphatic channels that run with vertebral venous plexus
9. adipose tissue