quiz 3

Question 1

Subtractive bilingualism

Answer 1

the acquisition of a second language results in the deterioration of the heritage language. common amongst immigrants

Question 2

non-metalinguistic factors that comprise communicative competence

Answer 2

-motivation
-personality
-learning styles
-social conditions
-attitude–>towards learning or L2 language

Question 3

Learning styles: sensory and cognitive

Answer 3

Sensory learning styles:
1. visual learners: those who need to see in order to understand
2. auditory learners: those who need to hear in order to undertand
3. kinaesthetic learners: those who require physical action in order to understand

Cognitive learning styles:
1. field-independent learners: those who tend to separate details from the general background–who are detail-oriented but often lose track of the global objective
2. field-dependent learners: those who tend to see things more holistically-who struggle with details but keep track of the global objective

Question 4

Motivation: the evolution from category orientation (Gardner & Lambert) to process orientation (Dornyei)

Answer 4

Instrumental motivation: a practical or pragmatic reason for language study

Integrative motivation: learners’ attitudes to the L2 community–language learning for personal growth and cultural enrichment through contact with speakers of the target language

Question 5

Krashen’s 5 hypotheses in his “monitor model”

Answer 5

1. the acquisition/learning
   2.the monitor
   3.the order
   4.the input
2. the affective filter.

Question 6

Detailed focus on “i +1”… with the “+1” addend and without it

Answer 6

Comprehensive input = i

Language that is one step beyond the learner’s abilities = +1

There is no acquisition because there is nothing more to learn and acquiring means learning more. Comprehension occurs, but it does not translate to acquisition.

Question 7

Detailed focus on “i +1”… the cognitive and emotive phenomenon that derives from recognizing the limits of one’s ability and feeling the need to acquire more language ability in order to express oneself articulately

Answer 7

-comprehension only
-comprehension alone does not result in acquisition(language again)

Question 8

Michael Long’s interaction hypothesis and his subsequent ammendment to it.

Answer 8

In order for acquisition to take place, the learner has to negotiate.Parents/Teachers have to modify their interaction for input comprehension

Question 9

The evolution of declarative knowledge to procedural knowledge: the development of automaticity

Answer 9

Mention each steps of a learning process = declarative knowledge = learn how to drive a car, step-by-step, recall the steps in your head, conscious about the process

Procedural knowledge = is when the knowledge becomes automatic, no need to recall the steps in your head. When you do not need to focus on old information anymore, only on new information.

Question 10

Restructuring: “backsliding”

Answer 10

Is an indication of something that is positive. It’s a way to understand what they are saying. Their understanding on the language is getting deeper.
e.g = seed instead of saw
It’s an indication that the kid is leaning new language patterns and is trying to integrate them into their speech.