Quiz 3 Flashcards
difference between MRI & MRA
MRI= cannot give info on blood vessels (will look at brain structures)
MRA= will show blood vessels (will show active occlusion, LVO= large vessel occlusion, aneurysms, narrowing, AV malformation, etc)
Can do brain or neck MRA
LVO
large vessel occlusion
mammography
x ray
only way to detect microcalcifications
BIRADS is how we read report & tissue density
BIRADS
mammography report standard across radiology everywhere
Will always get score,
pt info, imaging findings, breast tissue density, f/u recommendations, summary, clinical correlation
stage 0-6
0= incomplete
1= neg
2= benign, non cancerous
3= prob benign, short term f/u
4= suspicious consider biopsy
5= highly suggestive malignancy, always biopsy
6= already know they have breast cancer, biopsy proven
PAP smear
brushing of cervix that removes cells
adequacy of sample needed (which is why done FIRST w/ exam)
looking for:
adequacy of sample, squamous cell abnorm, glandular abnorm, HPV, ASC-US, ASC-H, LSIL, HSIL
colposcopy
next step after abnormal pap
magnifying device, non-invasive, done bedside
looks at cervix, vagina, vulva
bethesda
report of PAP smear, standard across radiology
*know these:
NILM= neg for intraepithelial lesion/malign.
ASC-US= atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance
ASC-H= atypical squamous cells cannot exclude high grade
LSIL= low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion
HSIL= high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion
AGC= precancerous
AIS (cancer in situ, hasn’t spread)
invasive carcinoma= cancer that metastasized
DEXA scan
x ray to look at bone density
osteoporosis, fx
anemia
microcytic or macrocytic
test for iron deficiency anemia
*iron panel=iron level, TIBC, transferrin saturation
ferritin (separate lab that’s needed)
anemia s/s
faigue sx
CBC w/ diff
differential levels will always= 100% if something is high something else will be low
left shift/bandemia= elevated neutrophils (immature WBC), means infection
C&S interpretation
culture of medium to see if bacteria will grow, ID bacteria, introduce ABX to see what it’s susceptible to
ex
MIC level (minimum inhibitor concentration= min amount ABX that took to grow abx)
interpretation: S= sensitive (abx will work)
R= resistant
I= indeterminant (not best choice)
fetal biophysical profile
antepartum after 32 weeks
ultrasound looks at fetal movements, tone, breathing, amniotic fluid volume
fetal stress test
active labor, looking for decelerations during contraction
metabolic screening in newborn
varies by state
every state= PKU testing
heel stick for bloodwork
hearing screen, pulse ox
HCG
hormone produced in pregnancy
> 25 = positive
5-25= indeterminate
sensitive down to level of 5
can be secreted w/ diff types cancer & pituitary
quantitative HCG level vs qualitative
track level if concerned about something in pregnancy, make sure level increasing
qualitative will show positive or neg
EEG
electrodes to measure electroactivity in brain
lumbar puncture
CSF sample, look at pressure
meningitis, guillan barre, MS cancer,
carotid artery duplex
ultrasound
gives range not a specific about how occluded it is
asymptomatic > 70% stenosis= need surgical follow up
symptomatic > 50%= need surgical f/u
STD testing (gon/chl)
pelvic swab
urethral swab for men
urine test
pharyngeal swab
rectal swab
myelogram
CT scan to looks at muscle function, innervation of muscle (alternative to MRI)
atraumatic low back pain w/o risk factors for disease
no diagnostic
sometimes no testing is better
workup for dementia
r/o metabolic & infectious causes first: cmp, ua, cbc, ammonia, thyroid, b12 folate, syphilis/RPR
diagnostic for epilepsy
EEG
know what’s included in brain, cervical, lumbar spine MRI
brain= lobes, ventricles, corpus callosum
lumbar spine= vertebrae, spinal cord, nerve roots, discs, foramen
cervical spine= vertebrae, spinal cord, nerve roots, discs, foramen
toxicology
illicit substances
amt of med/drug in system (apap, antiepileptics)
most common sx herpes zoster
painful rash along unilateral
(usually), linear, dermatome
MIC level on C&S
MIC level (minimum inhibitor concentration= min amount ABX that took to grow abx)
anemia workup (fatigue, pallor, SOB)
cbc
iron studies
ferretin
b12
tsh
