Quiz 3 Flashcards
How does antibiotic resistance arise?
- natural selection has led to an increase in antibiotic resistant alleles
What does MRSA stand for?
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
What does VRSA stand for?
vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
How can you, personally, help prevent antibiotic resistance?
- take antibiotics exactly as prescribed
- do not skip doses
- finish all doses
- do not save any for next time
- do not take unprescribed antibiotics
- do not share w/ others
- do not badger doctor for antibiotics
- get recommended vaccines
Why do mutations not arise when needed?
Mutations are not intentional, they are completely randomized. They do not arise out of necessity to fulfill a certain goal. While they can be beneficial to an organism, they do not intend to supply certain needs.
Describe the concept of a gene pool.
- Hardy and Weinberg imagined alleles from all gametes in each generation form a single group called a “gene pool”
- In this pool they randomly combine
What do the calculations made from a gene pool tell us?
- predict genotypes of offspring that population would produce
- also predict frequency of each genotype
Describe transmission of alleles in a gene pool.
alleles are transmitted via meiosis and random combination of gametes
How can we determine if a species is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
if frequencies conform to predictions, then frequencies are in HW equilibrium
What are the 5 assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg?
- random mating
- no natural selection
- no genetic drift
- no gene flow
- no mutation
Describe the random mating assumption.
no mate choice (gametes combine randomly)
Describe the no natural selection assumption.
all individuals contribute equally to gene pool
Describe the no genetic drift assumption.
alleles not picked by chance because assumes population is large
Describe the no gene flow assumption.
no new alleles are added or lost from gene pool
Describe the no mutation assumption.
no new alleles introduced to gene pool
