Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Vascular Principles > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Duplex Testing

A

Direct testing
Can locate focal stenosis
Can NOT evaluate the amount of perfusion(flow to feet)
Limitations due to body habitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pressures/Waveforms

A

Indirect Testing
Can only locate levels of disease
Shows total perfusion including flow from collaterals
Limitations due to calcified vessels & multi-level disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The reason for vascular symptoms:

A

they are cause by an area of HYPOTENSION within the limb.
These low pressures are from the presence of occlusive disease & lack of adequate collateral circulation to the affected area. (Bernoulli Effect)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Segmental Pressures

A

Utilizes the Peak Systolic Pressure (PSP) at different levels to evaluate for pressure gradients. The PSP’s are also divided by a reference pressure (Highest brachial PSP) & create ratios known as Pressure Indices. Always Bilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cuff Sizes

A

Brachial 12cm
Thigh 12-17 cm
Calf & Ankle 10 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

“Cuff Artifact”

A

The width of the cuff should be at least 20% wider than the diameter of the underlying limb. Cuff Artifact is a FALSE abnormally high (cuff is to small) or low (cuff to big) systolic blood pressure reading. More commonly HIGH. Elevated above 1.25*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Toe pressure are usually obtained using a ______ sensor that displays qualitative waveforms.

A

Photoplethsmography (PPG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Obtain the segmental pressure of the legs working from _____ to ______.

A

Distal –> Proximal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

All Doppler signal for this test are obtained using a ____ MHz CWD.

A

4-8 MHz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pressure Indices

A

A way to compare the lower extremity blood pressure to the individuals systemic blood pressure. A ratio obtaied using the limb pressure & dividing them by the higher brachial pressure. High thigh pressures are typically 30 mmHg greater than the brachial with 4 cuff tech. Most utilized is ABI.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI)

A

in a non-diabetic patient a normal ABI is 1.0 or greater. Can be falsely elevated due to calcified media layer of the arteries (diabetic patients). An ABI greater than 1.25 is considered falsely elevated (Cuff Artifact).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Toe-Brachial Index (TBI)

A

A normal toes pressure is usually 60-80% of the brachial pressure. A normal TBI is .60-.80. Digital arteries are usually spared from calcification there it is the MOST reliable pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ABI Ranges

.8-.55

A

Likely Claudication.

Foot ulcer healing: Probably to likely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ABI Ranges

.55-.35

A

Likely Claudication
Rest Pain: Probable
Foot ulcer healing: Unlikely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ABI Ranges

.2 or less

A

Likely Claudication
Likely Rest Pain
Foot Ulcer Healing: unlikely
Impending Gangrene: Likely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pressure Gradient

A

Difference that exceed 20-30 mmHg usually indicate that some occlusive arterial disease is present within the segment having the lower pressure or above it.

17
Q

Levels of Disease

A 
Aorto-illiac (in flow) - high thigh
Fem-Pop
Run off (tibial, outflow)
Distal small vessel
Multi-Level
18
Q

Pulse Volume Recordings (PVR)

A

A type of plethsyography that assesses arterial flow within specific segments of the limb. Measures the expansion & contraction of the segment as blood circulates.

19
Q

Air-Cuff Displacement PVR

A

most commonly used. measures air displacement caused by arterial inflow. More diagnostic then segmental pressures

20
Q

PVR Interpretation- Quantative

A

Normal Amplitudes: Thigh or Ankle > 15mm. Calf > 20mm.

IF the amplitude is lower than these values, it is probably that some disease is present.

21
Q

PVR Interpretation- Qualitative

A

Waveform shape- More Important holds more value
3 Components:
Anacrotic Limb - upstroke
Catacrotic Limb- down stroke
Dicrotic Limb/notch- hump. reflective wave

22
Q

PVR Waveform Catefories

A

Normal - Cat 1
Mild- Cat 2 - dicrotic notch absent. Maintains amp
Moderate- Cat 3- dicrotic notch absent. loss of amplitude.
Moderately Severe- Cat 4 - amplitude < 5mm
Severe- cat 5 - flat line. no flow

23
Q

Interpretation Pitfalls:

A 
Non-compressible vessels (Calcified)
Cuff Artifact
Low cardiac output
Multi-level disease
Patient cooperation (Motion)
24
Q

Analog Dopper Waveforms

A

Obtained by using of a CW Doppler probe. can be assessed during segmental pressure study. used to determine if waveform is triphasic, biphasic, or monophasic.

25
Q

Doppler tracings should be recorded from the following areas:

A 
CFA
SFA
POPA
PTA
DPA
26
Q

Analog Doppler Waveforms Interpretation:

A

Should be Triphasic or Biphasic. Pulsatility Index: average CFA 6 to 7. Average POPA 7 to 9. Average PTA 12 to 16. Should increase as you move distal. Less than 4 is highly indicative of presence of arterial occlusive disease.

27
Q

Delayed upstroke suggest arterial occlusive disease ______ to the area of the Doppler waveform.

A

distal

28
Q

A Monophasic waveform suggest arterial occlusive disease ______ to the are of the Doppler waveform.

A

proximal

29
Q

Treadmill Testing

A

used to identify true claudication. ABIs are taken at 1-2 minute intervals for up to 10-20 mins until the pressures in the ankle return to pre-exercise levels. Normal response will be a slight increase in the PSP immediately following exercise.

30
Q

Treadmill Testing interpretation

A

the bigger the pressure drop = more severe
The longer the recover time = the more the levels.
>12 mins = Multilevel Disease

31
Q

Reactive Hyperemia

A

Performed on patients who are unable to walk on treadmill. Pump to 250 & leave it there for 3-5 mins. Normal response will be a slight decrease in the PSP immediately following cuff release. Pressure drop 50% Multi level

32
Q

T or F

If the toe has a notch everything has to be normal?

A

True.

33
Q

T or F

If disease was coming from the aorta it would effect both legs?

A

true.

Vascular Principles (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions