quiz 3 Flashcards

Question

what are 3 phases approach to therapy program based on healing?

Answer 1

when two tissues stick together that are not usually stuck together

Answer 2

A. Tight pectoralis minor. Collar bone and deeper first rib (shoulder girdle) movement can affect the amount of space. B. Congenital first rib anomaly (not normal from birth) can cause this problem. It takes away the space from the brachial plexus, subclavian vein, and subclavian artery. This is the only one that can be taken care of through surgery. 2B. Dynamic posture related, depending on posture depends how much space those structures have. Narrowing and opening of the space. C. Tight scalene muscle or overdeveloped scalene muscle.

Answer 3

compression of the brachial plexus (subclavian vein/artery)

Answer 4

it is a secondary complication due to trauma with a skeletal fracture and the sympathetic nervous system is inactive, worsening symptoms

Answer 5

phase one is early: hot or cold skin, skin is blotchy, edema (ballooning/soft and pitted edema), aching/burning pain, hypersensitivity, skin is shiny

Answer 6

phase two is late: Excessive hair growth, venous congestion (blue hue to the skin), atrophy, sweaty skin, edema is spreading beyond initial site (now hard/brawny/chronic edema), hypersensitivity

Answer 7

osteoporosis (loss of bone density), pain is less, decrease blood flow, increased or decreased sweating, loss of connective tissue, contractures are present (meaning there are hard end feels which result in loss of passive and active ROM).

Answer 8

blood that is poisoned by bacteria, which affects all parts of the body

Answer 9

epidermis, dermis which has an upper layer dermis and lower layer dermis which is called the basal layer, and the subcutaneous layer

Answer 10

the dermis

Answer 11

the healing process and angiogenesis heals deep to superficial and margins out to in

Answer 12

tidy: is a clean laceration wound healing: primary intention(sutures, glue, or staples are used to close up) untidy: a significant amount of damage which has destroyed three layers of skin (blood vessels, nerves, tendon, muscle and or bone wound healing: Delayed primary intention (waits until the wound is clear of infection and is clean then uses primary intentions like sutures to close up) a wound with tissue loss: this uses secondary intention which lets the wound heal on its own

Answer 13

redness, swelling, pain and warmth

Answer 14

trigger finger

Answer 15

it is used for wound color because it is a reflection of a balance between new tissue and necrotic tissue red: this is a good color for a wound because it means it is healing yellow: should be closely monitored because it is a red flag for possible infection, odor in this stage is a big sign of infection black: means there is black necrotic tissue, ischemia (depletion of blood, o2 and nutrients) can be a common cause and poor health is also a contributor.

Answer 16

it is the removal of necrotic tissue to get rid of the scar

Answer 17

this type removes healthy and unhealthy tissue alike, dry gauze can remove this fairly easy

Answer 18

mucin-filled soft tissue cyst formed in the synovial lining of a joint or tendon sheath. these cysts usually arise from the scapholunate joint and ligament of the wrist, and they are the most common tumors accounting for 15-60% of all cases in the hand and wrist. there are various theories on formation (includes mucoid degeneration, synovial herniation, and trauma to the joint capsule or ligaments)

Answer 19

these are usually seen over the dorsum of the wrist and usually is between the extensor pollicis longus and the extensor digitorum communis at the level of the scapholunate ligament. these are the most common type of ganglion cyst accounting for 60-70% of ganglion cysts in the hands and wrist cases

Answer 20

commonly associated with underlying scapholunate ligament, commonly seen on the radial aspect of the wrist (over the flexor carpi radialis tendon). this is the second most common type composed of 15-20% of cases and an allen's vascular test may be performed to palpate the cyst.

Answer 21

common soft tissue tumor comprised of mature fat cells and characterized by their soft consistency. pain is unusual unless the tumor is pressing on a nerve. most common location is in the deep palmar space

Answer 22

most common primary bone tumor in the hand, and accounts for 90% of cases. there are benign cartilaginous tumors most commonly found in the proximal phalanx followed by the metacarpal and middle phalanx.

Answer 23

it is one type of malignant epithelia tumor (skin cancer) and is one of the most serious types. it develops in the melanocyte cells and is potentially life threatening due to the tendency to rapidly spread to the lymph nodes

Answer 24

check for edema, erythema, exudate, tenderness, increase in temperature, pain and odor

Answer 25

Stage 1- skin is red, when pushed on it becomes blanched (whiter color), then red again Stage 2- stays red, does not blanch anymore with pressure. Stage 3- tissue breakdown of the epidermis or dermis Stage 4- breakdown goes thru bone tendon and muscle

Answer 26

Elderly and someone who is bedridden (cannot move themselves)

Answer 27

blood pools in one place for too long

Answer 28

Shoulder blades, elbows, hips, heels, back of head as well as any bony prominence

Answer 29

Stage 1, Acute inflammatory stage (2 parts) The body shuts down blood supply immediately to contain anything no long viable (vasoconstriction) Mast cells made of heparin and histamine are released to create vasodilation. Once this occurs phagocytosis begins and then that triggers the release of macrophages to dispose of the garage (AKA the clean up phase)

Answer 30

Stage 2, Repair and regenerate Soft tissue- fibroblast produce a scar over the damaged tissue Bony tissue- osteoblasts produce callus across the bone fracture

Answer 31

Stage 3, Remodeling/maturation Soft tissue- becomes stronger and reorientation itself Movement and compression is needed to strengthen it Movement adds to cosmesis (looks like normal) Compression helps realign the lines of stress Bony tissue- osteoclast take care of the callus after the bone is healed.

Answer 32

IF THE FOLLOWING THINGS HAPPEN, THEN COME BACK Color, odor, drainage, temperature (warmth), edema, erythema

Answer 33

Grade 1 Pain, microtearing of collagen fibers Usually fixed by a splint Grade 2 More pain, more tearing of tissues, instability of joints and muscle weakness What is the test used to detect this? → lateral slide test Usually fixed by a splint Grade 3 Severe pain, loss of tissue, loss of ROM, complete joint instability. AKA dislocation, the tissue is torn Will need surgery most likely

Answer 34

Contact layer: the first layer of dressing on the wound Must be non-adherent dressing to decrease the chances of it sticking to the wound. Intermediate layer: second layer of dressing consist of usually gauze (placed on top of contact layer). THESE 2 LAYERS ARE KNOWN AS PRIMARY DRESSING Outer Layer: third layer is absorbent cotton pads placed over the primary dressing. ***Wrapping of the primary layer Example, cling wrap

Answer 35

99% Functions- Provides protection from outside trauma Absorb blood and fluid from exiting relative to a strike through Prevent infection Stabilize the body part

Answer 36

When drainage seeps through dressing immediately

Answer 37

Blood nerve barrier breakdown Nerve has ischemia, getting compressed and not getting the blood and nutrients it needs S&S: nocturnal parathesis (numbness and tingling) and parathesis associated with activity pressing on the medial nerve. KEY HERE- no muscle weakness.

Answer 38

Demyelination Nerve is choked off now for too long and hard, so now the myelin is affected and signals are slowed. Nerve conduction velocity is no longer as efficient S&S: persistent parathesis, now there is muscle weakness

Answer 39

Axonal loss Axons are contained within the nerves and they are now damaged S&S: asensate (no feeling or sensations) NO paresthesia Muscle weakness and muscle atrophy (able to be seen) Example- Thenar eminence will be sunken right in Outcome and course is determined on what stage the surgery was done in.

Answer 40

hormones, genetics, immunological

Answer 41

abnormalities in the neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous systems, genetic factors, psychosocial variables, and environmental stressors

Answer 42

pain and stiffness, fatigue and tiredness, depression and anxiety, sleep problems, headaches and migraines, problems with thinking, memory, and concentration.

Answer 43

no cure, but medication can be used to control symptoms, exercise, relaxation, and stress-reduced measures.

Answer 44

medication and lifestyle changes needed to control symptoms. NOT progressive (manageable)

Answer 45

no exact cause of Dupuytren's contracture but it is a possibility that it is hereditary

Answer 46

fibrosing disorder that results in slowly progressive thickening and shorting of the palmar fascia and leads to debilitating digital contractures, particularly of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints or the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints. Overtime pulls the MCP and PIP into flexion.

Answer 47

Dupuytren's contracture can cause one or more fingers to stay bent toward the palm. This can complicate everyday activities

Answer 48

typically progresses slowly, over years. The condition usually begins as a thickening of the skin on the palm of your hand. As it progresses, the skin on your palm might appear puckered or dimpled

Answer 49

progresses very slowly, over a period of years, and may remain mild enough such that no treatment is needed. In moderate or severe cases, however, the condition makes it difficult to straighten the involved digits.