Quiz 2: WWI

Question 1

Plan XVI

Answer 1

FR defensive plan to concentrate troops in East and Alsace-Lorraine in case of GER attack through Belgium. 1909

Question 2

Schlieffen Plan

Answer 2

GER war plan in case of two front war with FR and RUS. Begins with a massive drive through Belgium to take Paris before going after RUS. Two single front short wars. 1906

Question 3

Liege

Answer 3

Fortified forts in Belgium, GER fails to take forts so they destroy them and the rest surrender. 1914

Question 4

The Battle of the Marne

Answer 4

Battle to save Paris from GER. Taxi Armada used to move troops to front. FR is able to push through GER gap in line and win. This destroys the Schlieffen Plan and GER short war plans. 1914

Question 5

“Race to the Sea”

Answer 5

After The Battle of the Marne GER retreats to Aisne river and FR and GER try to outflank each other moving north for about 300mi. Leads to Ypres. 1914

Question 6

Sussex

Answer 6

Passenger ship sank by GER U-boats, caused US anger toward GER. GER promised to back down U-boat campaign. 1916

Question 7

Zeppelin

Answer 7

Slow GER airship used to bomb London. Mostly used as naval scouts, but bombings had big psychological impacts. 1915-1918

Question 8

2nd Battle of Ypres

Answer 8

First GER chlorine gas attack. 1915

Question 9

Edith Cavell

Answer 9

GB nurse who helped all sides. Executed by GER for freeing allied troops from GER. 1914-1915

Question 10

Gallipoli

Answer 10

AKA Dardanelles, GB effort to push through Constantinople to RUS. Failed because of heavy mine and machine gun emplacements along river. 1915

Question 11

Sykes/Picot Agreement

Answer 11

GB and FR agreement, with consent of RUS, to split up OTT middle east after Entente won WWI. 1916

Question 12

Verdun

Answer 12

Fortified FR fort/city. Attacked by GER to make one of the biggest battles of WWI. Tons of casualties, ~700k. The battle to ‘bleed FR white.’ 1916

Question 13

Somme

Answer 13

GB/FR attack along 21mi line against GER. Massive battle with new GB troops that got slaughtered as they crossed no man’s land singing songs, ~1mil dead. First use of ‘lanships,’ no great success for either side. 1916

Question 14

Brusilov Offensive

Answer 14

Major battle and victory for RUS against AH due to new tactics. (Waiting for holes in enemy line instead of massing troops.) Halted GER attack on Verdun and forced them to support broken AH army. Cause Romania to join Entente. ~1.6mil dead. 1916

Question 15

Jutland

Answer 15

Naval battle between GB and GER. Heard 30mi inland. GER sinks more GB ships (14 vs. 11) but GB losses are smaller compared to whole fleet. 1916

Question 16

Zimmerman Telegram

Answer 16

Telegram from GER to MEX to attack US and distract US. Intercepted by GB and given to US. 1917

Question 17

Nivelle Offensive

Answer 17

FR offensive plan to end war within 48hrs, failed when FR encountered GER Hindenburg Line. GER purposely lost first lines to lure FR into Hindenburg kill zone. Caused mass mutiny in FR army, records sealed for 100yrs. 1917

Question 18

March Revolution

Answer 18

RUS revolution, destroyed Tsarist autocracy, RUS couldn’t support people and war at the same time. Spawned Duma (prov. gov’t led by Kerensky) and Soviet Soldier’s/Worker’s groups. RUS wanted to end war, but would loose US support and end war bargaining abilities if they did. 1917

Question 19

Bolsheviks

Answer 19

RUS Marxist worker’s party led by Lenin and influenced by Trotsky. Came to power after March Revolution and led to Communism and Soviet Republic under Stalin. 1917

Question 20

Kerensky Offensive

Answer 20

Last RUS offensive of WWI, poorly timed after March Revolutions. RUS army and population wanted peace. Led to Bolshevik uprisings. “Peace, land bread!” 1917

Question 21

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Answer 21

RUS peace treaty with GER. RUS loses Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Ukraine, and Belarus. Angers Bolsheviks and causes RUS civil war. GER occupies lost areas and hopes to get supplies from them. 1918

Question 22

Danzig

Answer 22

Polish port town with mostly GER population. Made a ‘Free City’ by Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations. This angered GER and GER population in Danzig. 1919

Question 23

War Bonds

Answer 23

Loan for war efforts from the gov’t. Made people like J.P. Morgan rich on non taxable money.

Question 24

Lawrence of Arabia

Answer 24

British Army officer renowned especially for his liaison role during the Arab Revolt against Ottoman Turkish rule of 1916–18.

Question 25

Kaiserschlacht

Answer 25

AKA Ludendorf Offensive, AKA Spring Offensive. GER push to defeat Allies before US support arrived. Shelled paris from afar and broke GER morale after seeing much better living conditions in FR and GB trenches. 1918

Question 26

Tannenberg

Answer 26

Attack by RUS against GER in E. Prussia. GER has poor defense and communication but is able to move in troops by train due to open RUS communication. Big hit for RUS army early in the war. 1914

Question 27

Diphosgene

Answer 27

Asphyxiant, like chlorine gas. More conveniently handled version of phosgene because it’s liquid instead of gas. Vapors could destroy gas mask filters at the time.

Question 28

Balfour Declaration

Answer 28

Letter from GB to GB Jewish community promising Palestine as Jewish homeland after WWI. 1917

Question 29

Hussein/McMahon Letter

Answer 29

1915 - GB encouraged the Arabs to revolt and thus hamper the OTT, which had become a GER ally. In return GB will recognize the Arab independence after the war. Later in the 1917 Sykes–Picot Agreement between FR and GB was exposed and the two countries were planning to split and occupy parts of the promised Arab country.

Question 30

Alsace-Lorraine

Answer 30

Contested area between FR and GER, eventually taken by GER but they were suspect of FR patriots. GER soldiers from this area were sent to eastern RUS fronts to avoid fighting family.

Question 31

“Wilsonian” Modernity

Answer 31

From Wilson’s ‘14 Points’ for peace. Spread democracy, capitalism, open door trading, interventionism, and imperialism.

Question 32

“Leninist” Modernity

Answer 32

Pro- self-determination, socialism, and Marxism. Led by the Bolsheviks.

Question 33

Mandate System

Answer 33

Internationally agreed upon terms for distributing territory after WWI.