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PHARM 232 > Quiz 2 (week 3-4) > Flashcards

Quiz 2 (week 3-4) Flashcards

1
Q

staphylococci

A

gram pos
facultative anaerobe
non-motile
catalase positive
salt intolerant
normal flora

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2
Q

staphylococcus aureus

A

coagulase positive
most virulent species
protein A - high affinity for IgG inhibits complement cascade
coagulase - converts fibrinogen to fibrin - hides bacteria
bacterial capsule - attachment to surfaces and inhibits phagocytosis
production of enzymes - staphylokinase, coagulase, hyaluronidase, beta-lactamase
production of toxins - hemolysins, TSST, enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins

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3
Q

staphylococcus epidermis

A

normal for flora of skin and mucous
opportunistic pathogen (cause infection in immunocompromised host)
coagulase negative
virulence factors: exopolysaccharide slime
exotoxins

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4
Q

staphylococcus saprophyticus

A

normal flora genitourinary tract
UTI in sexually active young females
coagulase negative
no known exotoxins

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5
Q

streptococcus

A

gram pos cocci
facultative anaerobes
chains or pairs
catalase negative

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6
Q

streptococcus pyogenes

A

not normal flora
GAS
virulence factor: capsule, M Protein, pyrogenic exotoxins, streptokinase, hemolysins, hyaluronidase
pharyngitis, impetigo, cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis

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7
Q

streptococcus agalactiae

A

group B
virulence factor - capsule
infection most common in neonates, postpartum infection, immunocompromised : bacteremia, endocarditis, pneumonia

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8
Q

enterococci

A

previously classified as group D streptococci
normal flora of GIT and female urogenital tract
virulence factors - adhesion and cytolysins
nosocomial infections - UTI intra-abdominal infections
intrinsically antibiotic resistant
E. Faecium
E. Faecalis

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9
Q

streptococcus pneumoniae

A

α hemolytic
gram pos lancet shaped
diplococci or short chains
normal inhabitants of the upper respiratory tract
bacteremia, meningitis, pneumonia and acute otitis media
polysaccharide capsules
virulence factors: IgA protease, pnemolysin

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10
Q

viridans streptococci

A

α hemolytic and may be non hemolytic
normal flora
opportunistic pathogens and low virulence - bacteremia and endocarditis
virulence factor: extracellular complex polysaccharide

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11
Q

corynebacterium

A

non spore forming
gram pos bacilli - club or irregular shaped
catalase positive
C. diphtheria
other species rarely cause infection

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12
Q

listeria monocytogenes

A

short gram pos motile non spore forming rod or cocobacilli
catalase positive
survive in wide range of env
important food borne pathogen causing listeriosis
virulence factors: adhesion proteins, internalins, listeriolysin O, ActA

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13
Q

lactobacillus

A

non spore forming gram pos rods
usually catalase negative
natural in human vagina important for pH
infections rare found in yogurt

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14
Q

bacillus

A

large gram pos spore forming rods
arranged in chains
aerobic and facultative anaerobic
catalase pos

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15
Q

bacillus anthracis

A

non hemolytic
disease of herbivores
virulence factors: capsule, anthrax toxins (protective antigen, edema factor, lethal factor)
infection = anthrax

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16
Q

bacillus cereus

A

beta hemolytic
motile
opportunistic pathogen
virulence factors: enterotoxins and pyrogenic toxins
food poisoning

17
Q

clostridium

A

large anaerobic gram pos bacilli
most are motile
catalase neg
decompose proteins or form toxins or both
soil or GIT
spores are wider
C botulinum
C difficile
C perfringens
C tetani

18
Q

gram neg bacteria

A

gram neg bacilli and coccobacilli

19
Q

enterobacteriaceae

A

gram neg rods, coliforms
some are part of normal flora and some are pathogenic
non spore forming
grow well on MacConkey agar ( lactose fermenting and non fermenting)
falcultative anaerboes
ferment rather than oxidize glucose
catalase positive
oxidase negative
nitrate -> nitrite

20
Q

E coli

A

member of the GIT and female genital tract
most are lactose fermenters
virulence factors: endotoxins, pili
diseases: UTI, bacteremia, neonatal meningitis, GIT infections

21
Q

shigella

A

only found in infections
not normal flora
non lactose fermenters
dysentery

22
Q

salmonella

A

not part of normal bowel flora
non lactose fermenters
catalase negative
gastroenteritis, enteric fever, bacteriemia

23
Q

acinetobacter

A

aerobic gram neg
coccobacilli
water soil hospitals
commensals and occasioanlly nosocomial
multidrug resistant

24
Q

pseudomonads

A

soil and water
motile non spore forming aerobic rods
some form pigments

25
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

major pathogen
opportunistic - cause community or hospital acquired infection
virulence factors:
Pili, exotoxin A, endotoxins, intrinsic resistance to many antimicrobial agents
Pyocyanin
form biofilms
MacConkey Positive oxidase Positive

26
Q

hemophilus

A

small non motile pleomorphic rods
Require enriched media usually containing blood
Facultative anaerobes
Normally inhabit the upper resp tract of humans

27
Q

H influenzae

A

type b asymptomatic colonization is uncommon
Typeable: based on capsular characteristics
non-typable
meningitis otitis media pneumonia bacteremia etc non typeable strains usually cause localized infections
Virulence factors
 Capsule (in encapsulated strains only): antiphagocytic
 Pili and other cell surface factors mediate attachment
Hib vaccine not effective against non typeable strains
MacConkey negative, oxidase variable

28
Q

H ducreyi

A

Virulence factor: pili, capsular factors, toxins
Disease: chancroid (STI)
MacConkey negative, oxidase variable

29
Q

Legionella pneumophilia

A

Gram neg rods that stain poorly
Obligate aerobic bacteria
motile
Fastidious bacilli that require a medium supplemented with iron and L-cysteine
virulence factors including genes encoding for the type II secretion systems required for intracellular growth
Outbreaks in hospitals have been attributed to the presence of the organism in water taps sinks and showers
Person – person transmission has not been documented
mild influenza like illness to severe pneumonia legionnaires disease
Pontiac fever – lower resp symptoms are less prominent than in legionnaires disease

30
Q

Neisseriae

A

non motile
gram neg diplococci
Individual cocci are kidney bean shaped; when the organisms occur in pairs the flat or concave side are adjacent

31
Q

N gonorrhoeae

A

obligate human pathogen
Only found on the mucous membranes of the genitalia eyes rectum and throat at time of infection
Virulence factors: pili capsule endotoxin and outer membrane porin
STD pharyngitis conjunctivitis

32
Q

N meningitidis

A

Colonizes oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal mucous membranes of humans
Virulence factors: IgA protease, pili, capsule and endotoxin
meningitis and bacteremia

PHARM 232 (2 decks)

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