quiz 2 vocab

Question 1

● Confounds

Answer 1

Factors that undermine the ability to draw causal inferences from an experiment.

Question 2

Correlation

Answer 2

Measures the association between two variables, or how they go together.

Question 3

experimenter expectations

Answer 3

when the experimenter’s expectations influence the outcome of a study

Question 4

Independent variable

Answer 4

The variable the researcher manipulates and controls in an experiment.

Question 5

Longitudinal study

Answer 5

A study that follows the same group of individuals over time.

Question 6

Operational definitions

Answer 6

How researchers specifically measure a concept.

Question 7

Participant demand

Answer 7

When participants behave in a way that they think the experimenter wants them to behave.

Question 8

Placebo effect

Answer 8

When receiving special treatment or something new affects human behavior.

Question 9

Quasi-experimental design

Answer 9

An experiment that does not require random assignment to conditions.

Question 10

Random assignment

Answer 10

Assigning participants to receive different conditions of an experiment by chance.

Question 11

Ambulatory assessment

Answer 11

An overarching term to describe methodologies that assess the behavior, physiology, experience, and environments of humans in naturalistic settings.

Question 12

Daily Diary method

Answer 12

A methodology where participants complete a questionnaire about their thoughts, feelings, and behavior of the day at the end of the day.

Question 13

Day reconstruction method (DRM)

Answer 13

A methodology where participants describe their experiences and behavior of a given day retrospectively upon a systematic reconstruction on the following day.

Question 14

Ecological momentary assessment

Answer 14

An overarching term to describe methodologies that repeatedly sample participants’ real-world experiences, behavior, and physiology in real time.

Question 15

Ecological validity

Answer 15

The degree to which a study finding has been obtained under conditions that are typical for what happens in everyday life.

Question 16

Electronically activated recorder, or EAR

Answer 16

A methodology where participants wear a small, portable audio recorder that intermittently records snippets of ambient sounds around them.

Question 17

Experience-sampling method

Answer 17

A methodology where participants report on their momentary thoughts, feelings, and behaviors at different points in time over the course of a day.

Question 18

External validity

Answer 18

The degree to which a finding generalizes from the specific sample and context of a study to some larger population and broader settings.

Question 19

Full-cycle psychology

Answer 19

A scientific approach whereby researchers start with an observational field study to identify an effect in the real world, follow up with laboratory experimentation to verify the effect and isolate the causal mechanisms, and return to field research to corroborate their experimental findings.

Question 20

Generalize

Answer 20

Generalizing, in science, refers to the ability to arrive at broad conclusions based on a smaller sample of observations. For these conclusions to be true the sample should accurately represent the larger population from which it is drawn.

Question 21

Internal validity

Answer 21

The degree to which a cause-effect relationship between two variables has been unambiguously established.

Question 22

Linguistic inquiry and word count

Answer 22

A quantitative text analysis methodology that automatically extracts grammatical and psychological information from a text by counting word frequencies.

Question 23

Lived day analysis

Answer 23

A methodology where a research team follows an individual around with a video camera to objectively document a person’s daily life as it is lived.

Question 24

White coat hypertension

Answer 24

A phenomenon in which patients exhibit elevated blood pressure in the hospital or doctor’s office but not in their everyday lives.