Quiz 2: Modules 4-8 Flashcards
What is the CNA definition of Global Health?
The optimal well-being of all humans from
the individual and collective perspective and is
considered a fundamental human right, which should be
accessible to all” (CNA 2009)
Environmental Sustainability:
Defined as an intact and healthy ecosystem that prevents disease.
ONE HEALTH: an initiative recognizes that the health of people is connected to the health of animals and the
environment. The interdependence
of humans, plants and animals.
PLANETARY HEALTH:
to the health of human civilization and
natural systems…and can be
achieved through attention to human political, economic and social systems.
Health Equity
Health equity – refers to the absence of systematic health disparities associated with social advantage/disadvantage
Health disparities – health outcomes linked
to social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage
Health inequities – are due to an unfair or unjust distribution of the social determinants of health
Global Health Issues
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs)
Global violence
Gender equality
Culture and Culture Diversity:
Culture: Shared patterns of learned values and behaviors that
are transmitted over time and that distinguish the members of one group from another.
Multi Culturalism: Culture existing within eachother.
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Imposition:
Ethnocentrism: a tendency to view one’s own life as more valuable than others
Cultural Imposition: Use own values as guide to understanding others’ behaviour
and provision of services
Cultural Competence
Cultural awareness Cultural knowledge Cultural skills Cultural encounters Cultural desire
Canada Cultural Diversity
Indigenous People make up 4.3% of Canada population.
3 groups: First Nation, Metis, Inuit
Unique languages and beliefs
Colonialism
Institutions and policies imposed upon Indigenous peoples that were developed by European imperial and Euro-American settlers Reserve system Governance structures Residential schools
Truth and Reconciliation Commission
Set in 2015,
Stated Canadian institutions (government
ministries/residential schools/churches) were
guilty of cultural genocide.
94 calls to action:
Settler Ally
someone who collectively considers how
steps taken can advance the truth and reconciliation process
4 steps: self awareness, self education, creating an open and supportive environment, action.
Indigenous Worldviews
Globally: connected to land, focus on good of people and not individual, elastic sense of time
Canada: Diversity of values, lifestyles and perspectives
Connection between physical and spiritual
Many matriarchal cultures
View of the world is relational, everything is related and
interconnected
Indigenous Worldviews
Globally: connected to land, focus on good of people and not individual, elastic sense of time
Canada: Diversity of values, lifestyles and perspectives
Connection between physical and spiritual
Many matriarchal cultures
View of the world is relational, everything is related and
interconnected
Theories of Indigenous Health
Medicine Wheel Teachings: circular outlook on health. Core belief of sacredness.
Indigenous Health: balance among emotional, physical, spiritual, and mental dimensions
Modes of Healing: storytelling, ceremonies, herbs, medicine.
Nursing with Indigenous Health
3 aspects:
Respect
Trust
Spirituality
6 parts of Chain of Infection:
Infectious agent or pathogen • Reservoir or source for pathogen growth • Portal of exit from the reservoir • Modes of transmission • Portal of entry to a host • Susceptible host
Infectious Agents:
Microorganisms include bacteria, viruses,
fungi, and protozoa (resident flora, transient microorganisms)
Factors:
-Number
• Virulence
• Entry and survival in host
• Susceptibility of host
Reservoir
A reservoir is a place where a pathogen can survive, but may or may not multiply.
Colonization: usually showing signs or symptoms
Carriers: Usually NO signs or symptoms
Pathogens require:
Modes of Transmission
Direct Indirect Droplet Airborne Vehicle Vectorborne
Susceptible Host
Degree of resistance
Infection Process
Severity of Process depends on:
Extent: localized or systematic?
Pathogenetic of microorganism
Host susceptibly
Infection Stages
- Incubation Period
- Prodromal Period
- Illness Period
- Convalescence
Basic Reproductive Rate
Average number of secondary cases
Secondary Attack Rate
Number of people exposed to and get infection
Zoonotic Disease
Animals to Humans: 60% of infectious diseases are zoonotic
Neglected Tropical Disease
Affects poorest country of world
Vector Borne Disease
From animal to human through vector bite (misquito)
What are the roles of community health nurses?
Focuses on health promotion, disease prevention, palliative and restorative care. Essential for improving health of general public.
Advocates for empowerment and social justice.
Roles of community health nurse with unsheltered population?
Culturally competent and safe care
– Understanding clients’ beliefs, values and practices
– Working with people, listening to understand needs
Nursing Care with families
Family as Context: Most common, clinincal perspective.
Focus on either individual with family as context OR family with individual as context.
Family as Client: (require advanced nursing skills) Focus on entire family processes.
Family in context: (least common use, promotes well-being, socioenvironmental perspective) focuses on relationships of family and individual.
3 MAJOR CATAGORIES OF FAMILY LIFE:
- Structural
- Developmental
- Functional
Community Assessment:
1: Structure/Locale (physical environment, location of services, places where residents gather.
2. Social System (schools, recreation, transportation)
3. People
Roles of Community Health nurse?
Communication • Facilitation • Leadership • Advocacy • Consultation • Team building and collaboration • Building capacity • Building coalitions and networks • Outreach • Resource management, planning, coordination • Care/counselling • Case management • Referral and follow-up • Screening • Surveillance • Health threat response • Health education • Community development • Policy development and implementation • Research and evaluation
Occupational Health and Safety Nurse roles:
monitor health status of workers, worker populations, and community groups. Locate safety hazards.
