Quiz 2 - Literature search and review Flashcards
True or False: Archival literature can be changed once it has been published in written form.
FALSE
True or False: Web-based publications are always considered archival literature.
FALSE
True or False: The goal of all scientific and engineering research is to publish in archival literature.
TRUE
True or False: All research papers published are considered valuable and worth preserving.
FALSE
True or False: Academic rigor in research is both an ethical and professional requirement.
TRUE
The world’s total knowledge in science and engineering is stored in the form of _______ and _______.
Books; papers
To contribute new knowledge, a research team must first review _______ knowledge, conduct research, and publish their findings.
existing
Archival literature remains _______ and _______ forever.
unchanged, available
The distinction between literature worthy of preservation and that which is not is often based on the _______ and _______ process.
scientific method; peer-review
Failure to contribute new and valuable research can negatively impact a researcher’s _______.
career
What is the main purpose of archival literature in science and engineering?
a) To store knowledge digitally only
b) To allow research teams to fabricate results
c) To preserve knowledge for future generations
d) To make research available to only a few institutions
c) To preserve knowledge for future generations
Which of the following is NOT a step a research team must take to contribute new knowledge?
a) Review existing knowledge
b) Develop new knowledge through research
c) Make their knowledge available through publication
d) Hide their research from the public
d) Hide their research from the public
How does archival literature differ from some web-based publications?
a) It can be edited after publication
b) It is permanently stored and unchanged
c) It is more expensive to access
d) It contains fewer references
b) It is permanently stored and unchanged
What happens if a research team publishes work that is not new or contains fabricated results?
a) They will be rewarded for innovation
b) It violates the engineering code of ethics
c) Their work will still be archived forever
d) Their paper will be accepted with minor revisions
b) It violates the engineering code of ethics
Why is academic rigor in research considered an ethical requirement?
a) It helps researchers publish more papers
b) It ensures that research is new, valuable, and trustworthy
c) It speeds up the publication process
d) It allows researchers to avoid peer review
b) It ensures that research is new, valuable, and trustworthy
True or False: Engineers are one of the most trusted professions in society.
TRUE
True or False: Copying more than 20% of someone else’s work is legally acceptable in most countries.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE: Whistleblower engineers often face negative consequences despite acting ethically.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: Engineers are allowed to copy and use the work of others as long as they verify its accuracy.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE: Engineers must publish corrections when significant errors are discovered in their research papers.
TRUE
__________ is the act of copying another person’s work without acknowledgment and is considered unethical and illegal in engineering.
Plagiarism
Engineers must critically __________ information before incorporating it into a design to avoid propagating errors.
review
When a researcher copies another’s work without proper verification and a failure occurs, it indicates __________ and admission of liability.
Authors or institutions are required to sign a __________ declaration before publishing articles in scientific or engineering journals.
copyright
Proper recognition of colleagues in research must be based on their contribution, typically more than __________ percent of the total effort.
10%
What is one reason engineers are highly respected members of society?
a) They work independently of all rules
b) They are trusted to make decisions based on facts and models
c) They copy others’ work without legal consequences
d) They avoid taking responsibility for failures
b) They are trusted to make decisions based on facts and models
What is the legal threshold for copying work before it is considered plagiarism?
a) 50%
b) 10%
c) 25%
d) 15%
b) 10%
Which of the following actions can result in legal action against an engineer?
a) Citing the original source
b) Verifying the accuracy of a copied design
c) Copying another person’s design without checking calculations
d) Seeking expert advice when unsure about a problem
c) Copying another person’s design without checking calculations
What should engineers do if they find significant errors in their published work?
a) Ignore the errors
b) Publish a correction quickly
c) Hide the mistake from the journal
d) Blame another research team for the mistake
b) Publish a correction quickly
Who should be included as an author in a research paper?
a) Anyone who contributed 5% of the effort
b) Only the head of the research group
c) Anyone who can competently describe the research outputs
d) Only the person who provided funding for the project
c) Anyone who can competently describe the research outputs
True or False: The written word defines a researcher’s technical competence
TRUE
True or False: Researchers should only use peer-reviewed works to ensure the credibility of scientific evidence.
TRUE
True or False: Written work, once published, can be changed later if necessary.
FALSE
True or False: Early scientific works always provide correct concepts that are still valid today.
FALSE
True or False: The most rigorous form of publication is a journal paper.
TRUE
In the digital age, published papers can circulate the world within a second of publication and will remain ________ and accessible forever.
available
________ theory was replaced by quantum theory to explain the nature of light.
corpuscular
Errors in published papers are corrected using a ________ in the same journal that published the original work.
correction note
A significant method to evaluate the credibility of scientific research is ________ review.
peer
The ________ format is commonly used for fixed electronic versions of publications.
Which of the following is a consequence of unethical practice, like plagiarism?
a) Increase in academic reputation
b) Promotion to a higher rank
c) Dismissal from academic positions
d) Award for creativity
c) Dismissal from academic positions
What distinguishes credible scientific evidence from opinion or speculation?
a) The number of times it is shared online
b) Its publication in a peer-reviewed journal
c) How interesting it sounds
d) The length of the paper
b) Its publication in a peer-reviewed journal
According to the quiz, what should researchers do before publishing their work?
a) Skip referencing previous works
b) Review where the information was published
c) Only rely on opinions and speculation
d) Disregard the publication mechanism
b) Review where the information was published
What is the most rigorous publication type according to the text?
a) Newspaper articles
b) Blog posts
c) Journal papers
d) Conference abstracts
c) Journal papers
What is the purpose of publishing a correction note in a journal?
a) To improve the formatting of the paper
b) To retract the entire paper
c) To fix errors found after publication
d) To provide more detailed data
c) To fix errors found after publication
TRUE OR FALSE: Journal articles are subjected to anonymous peer review by two or more experts.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: The peer review process for journal articles is always completed within six weeks.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE: Once a paper is submitted to a journal, it cannot be submitted for publication elsewhere.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: Reviewers for journal articles are selected by the authors of the paper.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE: Shorter works like comments, corrections, and technical notes can also be published in journals.
TRUE
The _______ number is used to identify the journal and is found in the front pages of each issue.
ISSN
Review articles often contain a large reference list but might not include _______ created by the authors.
new knowledge
The first date mentioned in a journal article usually indicates the date the paper was _______ to the journal.
submitted
The review process for journal articles is done _______ to maintain objectivity.
annonymously
The inclusion of _______ in the paper allows for targeted, high-speed computer searching.
keywords
What is the main cause of delays between the submission and publication of journal articles?
a) Lack of interest from the journal
b) Reviewers perform reviews on a voluntary basis
c) Authors taking too long to revise papers
d) Journal editors not responding to submissions
b) Reviewers perform reviews on a voluntary basis
Which of the following is NOT a typical outcome of the peer review process?
a) Accept without change
b) Resubmit with minor corrections
c) Reject due to personal biases of the reviewers
d) Resubmit with major changes
c) Reject due to personal biases of the reviewers
What type of articles typically report the latest scientific developments in journals?
a) Book reviews
b) Full papers
c) Editorials
d) Short stories
b) Full papers
What is the primary purpose of an abstract in a journal article?
a) To provide a full explanation of the research
b) To allow readers to access the full paper for free
c) To outline the work and major conclusions
d) To serve as a list of references
c) To outline the work and major conclusions
What type of article is commonly found in journals and helps consolidate knowledge in a field?
a) Peer review article
b) Correction note
c) Review article
d) Technical letter
c) Review article
