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Foundations > Quiz 2 Infection control > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Infection control Flashcards

1
Q

Infection

A

the invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or microorganisms, resulting in disease.

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2
Q

Colonization

A

a microorganism invades the host but does not cause infection

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3
Q

Disease results from

A

Entry and multiplication of organisms

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4
Q

the body’s first line of defense is?

A

Intact Skin-

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5
Q

Communicable disease

A

infectious process transmitted from one person to another.

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6
Q

symptomatic infection

A

If pathogens multiply and cause clinical signs and symptoms

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7
Q

asymptomatic

A

clinical signs and symptoms are not present

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8
Q

Hand hygiene

A

the most important technique to use in preventing and controlling transmission of infection.

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9
Q

Chain of Infection

A 
Infectious agent or pathogen
Reservoir or source for pathogen growth
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host
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10
Q

Immunocompromised

A

means having an impaired immune system.

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11
Q

Virulence

A

ability to produce disease

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12
Q

Aerobic bacteria

A

require oxygen for survival and for multiplication sufficient to cause disease

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13
Q

Anaerobic bacteria

A

no oxygen required

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14
Q

bacteriostasis

A

prevention of growth and reproduction of bacteria.

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15
Q

bactericidal

A

destructive to bacteria

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16
Q

Infectious Process

A

incubation period
Prodromal Stage
Illness stage
Convalescence

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17
Q

Risks of Infection

A 
Inadequate hand hygiene (client and caregivers).
Individuals who are immuno-compromised.
Older adults
Clients living in crowded environments
Individuals with poor lifestyle choices
Caregiver providing medical or surgical asepsis that does not follow established standards.
Clients who have poor hygiene
poor nutrition
smokes or drinks alcohol excessively
high levels of stress.
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18
Q

Defenses Against Infection

A

Normal flora
Body system defenses
Inflammation

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19
Q

Signs of local inflammation and infection

A

Swelling, redness, heat, pain or tenderness, and loss of function in the affected body part

20
Q

Inflammation

A

Vascular and cellular responses
Delivers fluid, blood products and nutrients to an area of injury.
Neutralizes and eliminates pathogens or dead necrotic tissue and establishes a means of repairing body cells and tissues.
Exudates (serous, sanguineous, or purulent)
Tissue repair

21
Q

Health Care–Associated Infections (HAIs)

A

Results from delivery of health services in a health care facility

22
Q

Patients at high risk of HAIs

A

Multiple illnesses
Older adults
Poorly nourished
Lowered resistance to infection

23
Q

Types of HAI infection

A

Iatrogenic, Exogenous, Endogenous

24
Q

Latrogenic HAI

A

Results from a procedure

25
Q

Exogenous HAI

A

Comes from microorganisms outside the patient

26
Q

Endogenous HAI

A

when the patient’s flora becomes altered and an overgrowth results

27
Q

Major sites for HAI infection

A

Surgical or traumatic wounds
Urinary and respiratory tracts
Bloodstream

28
Q

Nursing diagnoses for infection

A
  • Risk of infection
  • nutrition less than the body requires
  • impaired oral mucous membrane
  • risk for impaired skin integrity
  • social isolation
29
Q

Common goals of care to patients with infection

A

Preventing exposure to infectious organisms
Controlling or reducing the extent of infection
Maintaining resistance to infection
Verbalizing understanding of infection prevention and control techniques

30
Q

Screening for Infection

A

Increased WBC
Elevated sedimentation rate
Positive cultures of urine and blood

31
Q

Assessment for Infection

A 
Fever
presence of chills
increased pulse and respiratory rate
malaise
fatigue
anorexia
nausea
vomiting
abdominal cramping
diarrhea
enlarged lymph nodes. 
Older adults- confusion, agitation, incontinence
32
Q

Asepsis

A

Absence of pathogenic microorganisms.

33
Q

Aseptic technique

A

Practices/ procedures that assist in reducing the risk for infection

34
Q

Medical asepsis, or clean technique

A

procedures or practices for reducing the number, growth, and spread of organisms present and preventing the transfer of organisms.

35
Q

Surgical asepsis or sterile technique

A

procedures or practices to eliminate or prevents contamination of an open wound, serves to isolate the operative area from the unsterile environment, and maintains a sterile field for surgery.

36
Q

Disinfection

A

process that eliminates many or all microorganisms, with the exception of bacterial spores, from inanimate objects

37
Q

Sterilization

A

the complete elimination or destruction of all microorganisms, including spores

38
Q

Infection Prevention and Control

A 
Patient safety Including, separate personal care items
Wound cleaning
Patient education
Cough etiquette
Isolation and isolation precautions
Surgical asepsis
39
Q

Cough Etiquette

A

cover nose/mouth
surgical mask when transporting patient
Perform hand hygiene after contact with contaminated respiratory secretions
Maintain spatial separation greater than 3 feet from persons with respiratory infection

40
Q

Isolation

A

separation and restriction of movement of ill persons with contagious diseases.

41
Q

Contact precautions

A

Direct and indirect contact with patients and their environments

42
Q

Droplet precautions

A

Large droplets expelled into the air and travel 3 to 6 feet from the patient.

43
Q

Airborne precautions

A

Smaller droplets which remain in air for longer periods of time. Requires specially equipped room with negative air flow.

44
Q

Protective environment

A

Requires specialized room with positive airflow. No flowers or potted plants

45
Q

Personal protective equipment

A

Gowns, masks, eye protection, gloves

46
Q

Principles of Surgical Asepsis

A
  1. A sterile object remains sterile only when touched by another sterile object
  2. Only sterile objects may be placed on a sterile field.
  3. A sterile object or field out of the range of vision or an object held below a person’s waist is contaminated.
  4. A sterile object or field becomes contaminated by prolonged exposure to air.
  5. When a sterile surface comes in contact with a wet, contaminated surface, the sterile object or field becomes contaminated by capillary action.
  6. Fluid flows in the direction of gravity.
  7. The edges of a sterile field or container are considered to be contaminated.

Foundations (12 decks)

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