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Mammalogy > Quiz 2/Exam 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2/Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Diets: 4 Trophic Groups

A
  • Insectivores
  • Carnivores
  • Herbivores
  • Omnivores
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2
Q

Insectivory

A
  • Insectivorous (insect eating)
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3
Q

Insectivores lower incisors are often

A

procumbent (angled forward or lie flat) to aid in grasping insects

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4
Q

Insectivores alimentary canals (GI tract) are

A

short and usually lack cecum

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5
Q

________ & _______ are the most abundant food sources

A

plants & insects

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6
Q

Most mammals are _________ or _________ (diet wise)

A

herbivorous or insectivorous

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7
Q

Bats that pick up insects off the ground or leaves are called

A

terrestrial gleaners

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8
Q

How many insectivorous mammals use venom/neurotoxin?

A

5

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9
Q

Tell me about the Northern short-tailed Shrew

A

It’s venom leaves prey in a comatose state then its cached for later consumption

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10
Q

Found in moles and desmans: Tactile receptors: 22 projections

A

Eimer’s Organ

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11
Q

Ant & Termite specialists

A

Myrmecophagous

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12
Q

Carnivorous

A

Meat eating

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13
Q

Tell me about Carnivorous Mammals

A
  • teeth for grasping killing shearing
  • Not all mammals in the order Carnivora are carnivorous
  • Not all carnivorous mammals are in order Carnivora
  • Intelligent
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14
Q

Meat is mostly protein so its

A

easy to digest

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15
Q

Carnivorous alimentary canals (GI tract) are

A

short and cecum is small or absent

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16
Q

Aerial Carnivores: There are ____ families of bats that have carnivorous members

A

6

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17
Q

Piscovores

A

fish eaters

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18
Q

Sanguivorous (Sanguivores)

A

Blood suckers

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19
Q

How many species of Vampire Bats are there?

A

3 (2 feed on birds, one feeds on mammals)

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20
Q

Adaptations of Sanguivores (7)

A
  • reduced rostrum
  • large incisors
  • tiny check teeth
  • grooved tongue
  • simple stomach
  • kidneys modified for blood consumption & excess water excretion
  • intestine long & thin-walled
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21
Q

List some examples of Piscovorous

A
  • Otters
  • Baleen Whales
  • Toothed whales, dolphins & porpoises
  • seals & sea lions
  • some bats
  • Fishing cat
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22
Q

Herbivorous

A

Plant eating

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23
Q

Herbivorous: Eats grass & low-growing vegetation

A

Grazers

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24
Q

Herbivorous: Eats leaves, shrubs & high-growing vegetation

A

Browsers

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25
Herbivores: Eats seeds, nuts & Plant material
Gnawers
26
Gnawers include
rodents & lagomorphs
27
Browsers & Grazers include
ungulates
28
Plant-eaters have ceeck teeth designed to
breakup plant material
29
Herbivorous: Mammals don't produce...
the enzymes needed to digest cellulose
30
Mammals have evolved two different systems for breaking down cellulose:
- Foregut fermentation - Hindgut fermentation
30
Herbivores have to rely on ____________ ____________ to metabolize plant material
symbiotic microorganisms
31
Rumination
Foregut fermentation
32
Rumination is typical of
Artiodactyla: Camedlids, giraffids, antilocapridae, cervids, and bovids, as well as kangaroos & colobus monkeys
33
______ fermentors have multi-chambered stomachs
Foregut fermenters
34
Multi-chambered stomachs include:
- Rumen - Reticulum - Omasum - Abomasum
35
Multi-chambered stomach: first & largest chamber
Rumen
36
Multi-chambered stomach: food moistened and kneaded, fermentation occurs here
Rumen
37
Multi-chambered stomach: blind-end sac with honeycombed walls
Reticulum
38
Multi-chambered stomach: cud formed here
Reticulum
39
Multi-chambered stomach: cud regurgitated and is chewed
ruminate
40
Multi-chambered stomach: muscular walls knead it further
Omassum
41
Multi-chambered stomach: Fourth and final stomach chamber
Abomasum
42
Multi-chambered stomach: digestive enzymes kill microorganisms and protein digestion is completed
Abomasum
43
Monogastric system: simple stomach & large cecum (or large cecum & colon)
Hindgut fermentation
44
Monogastric system
Hindgut fermentation
45
Hindgut fermentation is typical of:
Horses, tapirs, rhinos, elephants, lagomorphs, hyraxes, howler monkeys, and rodents
46
Hindgut fermentors do not
regurgitate food
47
Hindgut fermentation: In Small species, fermentation takes place in the
cecum
48
Hindgut fermentation: In Large species, fermentation takes place in the
colon
49
Hindgut vs Foregut: Very efficient (Why)
Foregut fermentation - fermentation begins before the intestines
50
Hindgut vs Foregut: Microorganisms involved in giestion
Foregut fermentation
51
Hindgut vs Foregut: Microorganisms can detoxify many harmful alkaloids in plants (where)
Foregut Fermentation: Live does this function
52
Hindgut vs Foregut: lower overall efficiency
Hindgut fermentation
53
Hindgut vs Foregut: rapidly process food
Hindgut fermentation
54
Hindgut vs Foregut: 30-45 hours in Horse
Hundgut fermentor
55
Hindgut vs Foregut: 70-100 hours in Cow
Fregut fermenter
56
Hindgut vs Foregut: efficient when there is a lot of indigestible materials as it is eliminated more quickly
HIndgut fermentation
57
Hindgut vs Foregut: Due to low efficiency, they must eat larger quantities of food
Hindgut fermentation
58
Ruminants benefit most from food that requires
an efficient digestive tract
59
High-quality food benefits
Ruminants
60
Ruminants: What allows for quick feeding and then hiding?
Chewing cud
61
Ruminants can also recycle...giving them an advantage where?
Urea, giving an advantage in desert environments
62
Non-ruminants/hindgut fermentation do best where ________ __ ________ is needed
speed of digestion
63
Foregut vs Hindgut: Do best in places with poor quality food, but available in large quantities
Non-ruminant/hindgut fermentation
64
There are more species of ___________ _________ than there are _________ ________ ferenters
more of artiodactylid ruminants than there are perissodactylid hindgut fermenters
65
Which mammals are mong the most successful group of mammalian herbivores?
Gnawing
66
Gnawing mammals do not
do not ruminate - Hindgut fermentors
67
Gnawing mammals have a ______ stomach but may have # to # chambers
a simple stomach but may have 1-3 chambers
68
Gnawing Mammals: ______ eaters have simpler stomachs than _____ eaters
seed eaters have simpler stomachs than grass eaters
69
Rodent incisor made for ________ and are ____-_______
made for gnawing and ever-growing
70
Four families of rodents have members with either internal or external ________ ________
cheek pouches
71
Coprophagy
They process a minimal amount of plant fiber when they first ingest plants but it moves through them fast so they feed on feces to pass it through the system again.
72
There is no regurgitation (of cud) in (3)
Rodents, lagomorphs, and marsupial ringtail
73

Mammalogy (1 decks)

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