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Pathology 2 > Quiz 2: Dermatology > Flashcards

Quiz 2: Dermatology Flashcards

0
Q

What are the 5 primary characteristics (gross morphology) of eczema?

A

Red, oozing, crusting, papules, vesicles

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1
Q

What is an acute inflammation of the epidermis?

A

Eczema

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2
Q

Scratching eczema may lead to what?

A

Lichen simplex chronicus

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of the histopathology of eczema?

A

Spongiosis, epidermal microvesicles, parakeratosis, acanthosis, dermal edema, dermal infiltrates

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4
Q

What is the primary immunological difference between contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis?

A

Contact dermatitis is cell mediated hypersensitivity (type IV); atopic dermatitis is an allergy (IgE/Type I)

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5
Q

What is the characteristic lesion of erythema multiforme?

A

Target lesion

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6
Q

What are 6 common etiologies of erythema multiforme?

A

Herpes simplex, any serious infection, drug rashes, paraneoplastic syndromes, Lupus/polyarteritis/dermatomyositis, idiopathic

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7
Q

What are 3 characteristics of the histopathology of erythema multiforme?

A

Early perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate, dermal edema, vesicles and lymphocytes along the d/e junctio

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8
Q

What is a severe form of erythema multiforme?

A

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

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9
Q

What causes large regions of epidermis to come off in Stevens-Johnson syndrome?

A

Lysis between epidermis and dermis

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10
Q

What are 3 common etiologies of psoriasis?

A

Drugs (B-blockers, Ca channel blockers, antimalarials), alcohol, HLA-C

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11
Q

2/3 of patients with psoriasis have a strong association to what?

A

HLA-C

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12
Q

What is the characteristic gross morphology of psoriasis?

A

Pink, salmon, or violaceous plaques (annular or serpiginous shape); silvery scales, erythroderma

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13
Q

What are 6 primary skin locations for psoriasis?

A

Elbows, knees, scalp, lumbosacral areas, intergluteal cleft, glans penis

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14
Q

What is present in 30% of psoriasis cases?

A

Nail morphology

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15
Q

What is an Auspitz sign?

A

Multiple, minute bleeding points when the scale is lifted from the plaque.

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16
Q

What are the primary characteristics of the histopathology of psoriasis?

A

Acanthosis, downward elongation of rete ridges, miotic figures, stratum granulosum thinned or absent

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17
Q

Thickening of the stratum corneum, often associated with a qualitative abnormality of the keratin.

A

Hyperkeratosis

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18
Q

Modes of keratinization characterized by the retention of the nuclei in the stratum corneum. On the mucous membranes, … is normal.

A

Parakeratosis

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19
Q

Hyperplasia in the stratum granulosum, often due to intense rubbing.

A

Hypergranulosis

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20
Q

Diffuse epidermal hyperplasia

A

Acanthosis

21
Q

Surface elevation caused by hyperplasia and enlargement of contiguous dermal papillae

A

Papillomatosis

22
Q

Abnormal keratinization occurring prematurely within individual cells or groups of cells below the stratum granulosum.

A

Dyskeratosis

23
Q

Intercellular edema of the epidermis

A

Spongiosis

24
Q

Intracellular edema of keratinocytes, often seen in viral infections

A

Hydropic swelling (ballooning)

25
Q

Infiltration of the epidermis by inflammatory or circulating blood cells

A

Exocytosis

26
Q

Discontinuity of the skin exhibiting incomplete loss of the epidermis

A

Erosion

27
Q

Discontinuity of the skin exhibiting complete loss of the epidermis and often portions of the dermis and subcutaneous fat

A

Ulceration

28
Q

Formation of vacuoles within or adjacent to cells; often refers to basal cell-basement membrane zone area.

A

Vacuolization

29
Q

Referring to a linear pattern of melanocyte proliferation within the epidermal basal cell layer. ….. melanocyte hyperplasia can occur as a reactive change or as part of a neoplasm of melanocytes.

A

Lentiginous

30
Q

What are the 4 major skin cancers?

A

Actinic keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma

31
Q

What condition is localized atypia of the epidermis, a precursor to SCC in situ?

A

Actinic keratosis

32
Q

What is the etiology of actinic keratosis (2)?

A

UV light, arsenic

33
Q

What is the morphology of actinic keratosis?

A

Tan, brown, red, or skin color lesions less than 1cm, rough like sand paper

34
Q

What is the clinical significance of actinic keratosis?

A

If untreated, may progress to SCC

35
Q

What histopatholotical characteristic of actinic keratosis proceeds SCC in situ?

A

Full thickness atypia

36
Q

What is the 2nd most common skin cancer in older people exposed to sun?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

37
Q

What is the gross morphology of squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Exophytic, sharply defined red, scaling plaques, nodular, may ulcerate

38
Q

What is the histopathology of squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Highly atypical cells at all epidermal levels, can spread to the dermis, metastasis is a late event

39
Q

What is a “symmetrical, cup shaped tumor with a central depression filled with keratin debris”?

A

Keratocanthoma

40
Q

What is the most common skin cancer in older people exposed to sun?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

41
Q

Where is the only place basal cell carcinoma grows?

A

Only grows where there are hair follicles

42
Q

What is the gross morphology of basal cell carcinoma?

A

Telangiectactic papule or nodule, may or may not be pigmented, a “rodent ulcer”

43
Q

What are the 2 types of basal cell carcinoma?

A

Multifocal, superficial; nodular

44
Q

Where is basal cell carcinoma mostly located?

A

On the face

45
Q

What are the ABCDE of malignant melanoma?

A

Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Elevation

46
Q

What are a few other suspicious signs of malignant melanoma?

A

Rapid growth, bleeding, itchy, sloughing

47
Q

What are the 4 types of malignant melanoma?

A

Lentigo maligna, superficial spreading, acral-lentigous, nodular

48
Q

Which type of melanoma is the most common?

A

Superficial spreading

49
Q

Which 2 types of melanoma are the most aggressive?

A

Nodular, acral-lentigous

Pathology 2 (2 decks)

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