Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OB Lecture > Quiz 2 Content > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Content Flashcards

1
Q

S/Sx of Labor

A

Lightening, braxton hicks, cervical changes, bloody show, ROM, “nesting.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Definitions: Lightening

A

Fetus settles/drops into pelvis. Can happen a few weeks prior to labor or just before beginning of labor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lightening: Effects on Body

A

Easier breathing, increased urinary frequency, leg cramps, increased LE edema.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Definitions: SROM

A

Spontaneous Rupture of Membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

SROM: Nursing Considerations

A

Increased risk of infection (ABX possible), optimal to deliver within 24 hr of rupture - can be induced with pitocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Definitions: Bloody Show

A

Mucousy lining in cervix during labor is expelled.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cervical Changes During Labor

A

Dilation (Door opening): 0-10 cm

Effacement (thinning/shortening): 0-100%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Definitions: Braxton Hicks

A

Backache and contractions of the uterus occur throughout pregnancy. They are intermittent and irregular. They do NOT cause cervical changes and can lead to women believing they are in labor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nursing Education for Nesting

A

Encourage women not to overdo it or become fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Definitions: Pre-term Birth

A

Birth occurs before 37 weeks of pregnancy (5-18% of births).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Definitions: Pre-term Labor

A

Cervical changes and uterine contractions that occur between 20-37 weeks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the Best Biochemical Marker for Preterm Birth?

A

Salivary Estriol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Definitions: PPROM

A

Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes. Occurs in 25% of preterm cases, cause is unknown but is often preceded by infection (Chorioamnionitis).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Definitions: Post Term Pregnancy

A

Pregnancy extending beyond 42 weeks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Post Term Pregnancy: Maternal Risks

A

Dysfunctional labor/birth canal trauma R/T large infant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Post Term Pregnancy: Fetal Risks

A

Prolonged labor, shoulder dystocia, birth trauma, asphyxia R/T macrosomia, effects of “aging” placenta.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Definitions: Version

A

Turning of fetus from one presentation (position) to another.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Definitions: Shoulder Dystocia

A

Head of baby is “born,” but anterior shoulder cannot pass under the pubic arch.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Shoulder Dystocia: Infant Risks

A

Birth injury R/T asphyxia, brachial plexus damage, and fracture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Shoulder Dystocia: Maternal Risks

A

Blood loss R/T uterine atony or rupture, lacerations, extension of episiotomy, or endometritis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Definitions: Prolapsed Umbilical Cord

A

Cord lies below presenting portion of fetus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Prolapsed Umbilical Cord: Etiology

A

Cord > 100 cm, breech position, transverse lying, unengaged presenting part.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Uterine Rupture: Etiology

A

Separation of scar from previous classic cesarean birth, uterine trauma (R/T accidents or surgery), congenital anomalies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Amniotic Fluid Embolism: Pathophysiology

A

Amniotic fluid containing debris (e.g., hair, meconium) enters maternal circulation and obstructs pulmonary vessels resulting in respiratory distress and circulatory collapse.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Definitions: Pelvic Dystocia

A

Contractures of pelvic diameter that reduce size of the pelvis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

HELPPERR Mnemonic

A

H - help (call for assistance)

E - evaluate for episiotomy

L - legs (McRoberts Maneuver)

P - pressure (suprapubic)

E - enter the vagina

R - roll the patient to hands and knees

R - remove the posterior arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Forceps Mnemonic

A

A - anesthesia

B - bladder

C - cervix

D - determine position (think dystocia)

E - equipment

F - forceps

G - gentle traction

H - handle

I - incision

J - jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Vacuum Mnemonic

A

A - anesthesia

B - bladder

C - cervix

D - determine position (think dystocia)

E - equipment and extractor

F - fontanelle; cup positioned near

G - gentle traction

H - halt traction or procedure

I - incision

J - jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Definitions: Decelerations

A

A decrease in fetal heart rate below the baseline rate. These can be early, variable, late - or a combination of more than one!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Early Deceleration: Cause

A

Head compression. Usually seen during the later portion of active labor or with breech babies. Not expected in early labor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Late Decelerations: Cause

A

Uteroplacental insufficiency.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Variable Decelerations: Cause

A

Umbilical cord compression.

33
Q

Definitions: Hypoxemia

A

Low levels of O2 in blood.

34
Q

Definitions: Hypoxia

A

Low levels of O2 available in tissue - cannot meet metabolic needs.

35
Q

Definitions: Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)

A

Growth restriction below the 10th percentile in gestation.

36
Q

Compare/Contrast: Symmetric IUGR vs. Asymmetric IUGR

A

Symmetric: Results from perinatal infections (e.g., cytomegalovirus) and chromosomal abnormalities. Develops early in pregnancy. Less common than asymmetric. Poor prognosis.

Asymmetric: Occurs later in pregnancy, more common than symmetrical. R/T uteroplacental insufficiency. Better prognosis.

37
Q

Definitions: Intermittent Decelerations

A

Decelerations that occur with < 50% of uterine contractions in any 20 minute window.

38
Q

Definitions: Prolonged Deceleration

A

Decrease in fetal heart rate from baseline by > 15 bpm, lasting longer than 2 minutes but less than 10 ( > 10 minutes = baseline change).

39
Q

Definitions: Recurrent Decelerations

A

Decelerations that occur with > 50% of uterine contractions in any 20 min window.

40
Q

Definitions: Episodic Changes

A

Accelerations/decelerations occurring without relationship to uterine contractions (e.g., fetal movement).

41
Q

Definition: Category I Fetal HR

A

Fetal HR tracings normal.

42
Q

Definitions: Category II Fetal HR

A

Fetal HR tracings are indeterminate. Essentially, not adequate evidence to classify as category I or category III

43
Q

Definitions: Category III Fetal HR

A

Fetal HR tracings are abnormal. Require prompt evaluation.

44
Q

Category III Fetal HR: Interventions

A

Dependent on clinical situation. Can include: provision of maternal O2, d/c labor stimulation, Tx maternal hypotension.

45
Q

When May Internal Fetal Monitoring Be Used?

A

When the external monitor is of questionable quality, maternal abdominal obesity, maternal movement impairing ability to externally monitor.

46
Q

Internal Fetal HR Monitoring: Benefits

A

Eliminates need to readjust monitor, eliminated possibility of tracing maternal HR.

47
Q

Internal Fetal HR Monitoring: Requirements

A

Membranes are required to be ruptured.

48
Q

Definitions: Precipitous Labor

A

Labor lasting less than 3 hours.

49
Q

Labor: Non-pharmacological Interventions

A

Massage, touch, heat, cold, focal point, distraction, effeurage, distraction, positioning, hydrotherapy, imagery, hypnosis.

50
Q

General Anesthesia: Maternal/Fetal Risks

A

Maternal aspiration of gastric contents, maternal respiratory depression, uterine relaxation, neonate respiratory depression

51
Q

Laboring Women With Hx Sexual Abuse: Nursing Considerations

A

Memories of abuse can be triggered by labor (e.g., exams, pain, loss of control, etc). Offer support, promote comfort, assess, and monitor.

52
Q

Left/Right Side Lying is Optimal for Baby

A

Left side lying.

53
Q

Nursing Interventions Throughout Labor (general)

A

Provide for maternal and infant safety, monitor maternal VS, monitor cervical dilation PRN, monitor fetal HR, monitor contractions, monitor labor progress, monitor coping, include coach.

54
Q

Nursing Interventions: Active Labor (Stage 1, Phase 2)

A

Keep hydrated, provide comfort measures, pharmacologic interventions, provide reassurance, support to laboring woman and coach.

55
Q

Stages of Labor: Stage 1

A

Dilation 0-10 cm

Further divided into phases

Latent
Active
Transition

56
Q

Stages of Labor: Stage 1 (Latent Phase)

A

0-3 cm dilated
0-30 % effaced
Contractions short/far apart
Monitor fetal HR for late decels

57
Q

Stages of Labor: Stage I (Active Phase)

A

4-7 cm dilated
100% effaced
Breathing techniques and pain management
Contractions stronger and longer

58
Q

Stages of Labor: Stage 1 (Transition Phase)

A

7-10 cm dilated
100% effaced
Help mom focus and stay in control
Contractions strongest and closest
Anxiety/vomiting/BM
DO NOT push until 10 cm dilated
Bloody shown can be seen at this stage
Assess color of amniotic fluid

59
Q

Stages of Labor: Stage 2

A

10 cm dilated - baby is TRANSITIONING out.

Here we see significant increase in contractions, urge to push (Ferguson reflex), and urge to poop.

60
Q

Definitions: McRoberts Maneuver

A

Pressing the laboring woman’s legs to her abdomen. Used with shoulder dystocia to create more room for baby during delivery.

61
Q

Stages of Labor: Stage 3

A

Baby to placenta is out

62
Q

Stages of Labor: Stage 4

A

Recovery

63
Q

Definitions: Station

A

Relationship of presenting part of fetus to ischial spines of pelvis (-4 to +4).

64
Q

Station of +4 Indicates…

A

Baby being born

65
Q

Station of -4 or Greater Indicates…

A

Fetus floating or unengaged

66
Q

Primary Powers Include…

A

Uterine contractions (0-10 cm)

67
Q

Secondary Powers Include…

A

Pushing (10 cm - birth)

68
Q

Early Labor: Nursing Interventions

A

Early Labor = Early education and encouragement.

Orient to unit/room, admission Hx and physical, build rapport, intake of birth plan, order labs, begin comfort techniques.

69
Q

How Can You Differentiate Between True and False Labor?

A

4 Signs of True Labor: Bloody show, SROM, true labor contractions (increasing in frequency, intensity, and duration. Not relieved with position/activity changes).

70
Q

How Can You Differentiate Between Real vs. Braxton Hicks Contractions?

A

Braxton Hicks contractions are relieved with walking/position changes and are not accompanied by any cervical changes.

71
Q

A Laboring Mom Should NOT Push Until They Are _____ cm Dilated

A

10 cm

Risk for cervical swelling and lacerations if they begin pushing sooner.

72
Q

COAT Mneumonic

A

Assessment of amniotic fluid

Color
Odor
Amount
Time

73
Q

Definitions: Caput Succedaneum

A

A complication of forceps assisted birth in which there is swelling of the top of baby’s WHOLE head

74
Q

Definitions: Cephalohematoma

A

A complication of forceps assisted birth in which there is swelling of the top of baby’s head - DOES NOT CROSS MIDLINE.

75
Q

511 Rule

A

True labor is when contractions are 5 minutes apart, last one minute each over the course of 1 hour.

76
Q

Tocolytics: Nursing Considerations

A

Watch for respiratory depression. Give deca/betamethasone for fetal lung maturity.

77
Q

The Dick-Read Method

A

Fear –> Tension –> Pain

78
Q

What is the “Ideal”
Pelvic Shape for Birth?

A

GYNEcoid

79
Q
A

OB Lecture (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions