Quiz 2 (congenital disorders, pediatric sport injuries/ limp deficiency)

Question 1

Multiple congenital joint contractures in the first trimester fetal development

Answer 1

ARTHROGRYPOSIS MULTIPLEX CONGENITA

Question 2

ARTHROGRYPOSIS MULTIPLEX CONGENITA Sign and symptoms in the mother.

Answer 2

Maternal fevers, infection, vascular compromise, limited room in the uterus, low amts of amniotic fluid

Question 3

what are the most affected parts of ARTHROGRYPOSIS MULTIPLEX CONGENITA

Answer 3

hands, wrists, elbows, ankles, knees and hips.

Question 4

Signs and symptoms of ARTHROGRYPOSIS MULTIPLEX CONGENITA in babies

Answer 4

Joint contractures, dislocations, decreased muscle strength, dislocations, diminished reflexes and Diminished skin creases

Question 5

what are interventions for ARTHROGRYPOSIS MULTIPLEX CONGENITA

Answer 5

Stretching and strengthening to gain and sustain ROM and inc. strength.
Elbow ROM imperative for Independence in ADLs; core, hip, knee strength vital for postural control

Question 6

Abnormality of chromosome 21: can be trisomy, translocation, or mosaicism.

Answer 6

DOWN SYNDROME

Question 7

Clinical Signs and symptoms for DOWN SYNDROME

Answer 7

Hypotonia, short stature, upward slant of eyes, small ears, single transverse palmar crease, cognitive limitation.
May include cardiac defects, duodenal atresia, atlantoaxial instability, thyroid defects, hearing loss, epicanthal folds

Question 8

What are family edu, for down syndrome parents

Answer 8

guidelines to incorporate handling, positioning, and developmental skills.

Question 9

What does physical therapy focus on for downs syndrome

Answer 9

Focus on function and independence: improving coordination skills, and developmental skills; stability of joints and cocontraction

Question 10

what are indications for a SMO (Sure step supramalleolar orthotic)

Answer 10

Pronation
Hypotonia
Triplanar instability in weight bearing
Inability to stand independently
Mild toe-walking
Developmental delay
Delay in acquiring gross motor skills
Poor coordination or balance

Question 11

Contraindications that and SMO might not be the right fit

Answer 11

High muscle tone
Spasticity
Severe toe-walking
Tight heel cords
Tight peroneals

Question 12

Incomplete closure of spinal column

Answer 12

SPINA BIFIDA

Question 13

Generally affects the neuromuscular and genitourinary systems.

Answer 13

SPINA BIFIDA

Question 14

most benign no neuromuscular or genitourinary involvement

Answer 14

Spina bifida occulta

Question 15

Spinal cord begins to protrude

Answer 15

Meningocele-meninges

Question 16

flaccid LEs, loss of sensation below the defect, often seen in L-S area

Answer 16

Meningocele-meninges

Question 17

Warning signs of a shunt malfunction

Answer 17

irritability, personality changes, increased sleepiness, downward gaze, headaches.

Question 18

The cerebellum, pons, and medulla may protrude into the foramen magnum

Answer 18

Hydrocephalus as result of Arnold-Chiari defect.

Question 19

Clinical Signs and symptoms of Arnold-Chiari defect

Answer 19

Bowel and bladder dysfunction (catheterization)

Latex allergies

Question 20

Clinical Signs and symptoms of Tethered cord syndrome

Answer 20

spinal cord fixed caudally: dec. strength, inc. spasticity in LEs, changing uro sx, back pain, scoliosis

Question 21

What are comorbidities c meningomyelocele

Answer 21

skin breakdown, vasomotor changes, soft tissue contractures, cognitive and social delays

Question 22

What does physical therapy focus on for spina bifida

Answer 22

Active stretching and strengthening, inc. endurance for mobility, developing independent tx skills.

Seating and positioning
Supported standing
Provision of orthotics,

Question 23

What is the goal for children c spina bifida

Answer 23

independence in functional skills

Question 24

Recognized as a neurobiological disorder….May also have ADD, ADHD, anxiety, deafness, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, Tourette Syndrome

Answer 24

AUTISM

Question 25

Clinical signs and symptoms of Autism

Answer 25

Poor eye contact Flat affect; unable to interpret facial or gestural cues from others Prefer aloneness Reciprocal behaviors such as sharing are difficult Delay in language skills development Unable or unmotivated to engage in conversation.

Question 26

CLINICAL SIGNS-Onset prior to age 3 of autism

Answer 26

May perseverate on a word or phrase Intense interest in narrow area of interest Adhere to rituals Stereotypical motor behaviors: rocking and flapping of the hands Very sensitive to sound, touch, bright lights, odors High tolerance for pain

Question 27

Genetic condition with abnormality on X chromosome Hand wringing Head growth slows Often severe difficulty with walking and trunk movements

Answer 27

Rett syndrome

Question 28

Above average or average IQ Deficiencies in social skills Difficulties with transitions or changes Obsessive routines

Answer 28

ASPERGER SYNDROME

Question 29

When does AUTISM become evident

Answer 29

Begin appearing 12-18 months; almost always evident between 24 months and 6 yea

Question 30

occurs when a bone bends and cracks, instead of breaking completely into separate pieces

Answer 30

Greenstick fracture

Question 31

when are incidences for sport injuries greater for children

Answer 31

Intense, repetitive training during periods of growth

Question 32

When can a child begin strength training

Answer 32

When child can follow instructions on proper technique.

Question 33

How is strength gained c children

Answer 33

Strength gain is due to improved coordination and neuromuscular recruitment

Question 34

What is recommended when doing strength training c children

Answer 34

Recommended is low weight high rep for adolescents

Question 35

Differences between adults and children bones

Answer 35

Child: bone is more porous and susceptible to compression fractures

Question 36

Salter-Harris Fracture Classification

Answer 36

identifies where in the growth plate the fx occurs

Question 37

Where are growth plate fx more commonly found

Answer 37

found near joints; where injuries commonly occur(weakest area around joints)

Question 38

what can growth plate injuries lead to

Answer 38

can lead to alternation in normal bone growth

Question 39

Osteochondritis dessicans

Answer 39

is an injury to the articular cartilage

Question 40

Common sites of growth plate fx

Answer 40

Elbow, knee and ankle

Question 41

what are the most common fx of the foot

Answer 41

Stress fx

Question 42

What are the physical difference of children from adults

Answer 42

Smaller heart size Decreased stroke volume Decreased volume of blood Strength gains are more indicative of neuromuscular gains in coordination and recruitment of muscles than in pure strength as in adult

Question 43

Most common of all spine injuries

Answer 43

lumbar spine injuries

Question 44

Fracture with no vertebral movement is a

Answer 44

spondylolysis

Question 45

if the vertebra translates anteriorly.

Answer 45

Spondylolisthesis

Question 46

Common sites of lumbar injuries

Answer 46

L4-5 and L5-S1.

Question 47

One of the most common shoulder injuries

Answer 47

proximal humeral growth plate fracture.

Question 48

what is the usual cause proximal humeral growth plate fracture.

Answer 48

underdeveloped musculature of the shoulder

Question 49

Clavicular fx usually cause

Answer 49

a fall to the lateral aspect of the shoulder.

Question 50

Little league elbow pain around

Answer 50

Medial epicondyle

Question 51

Avulsion fx occur

Answer 51

site of muscle attachment sites

Question 52

treatment at the site of an avulsion

Answer 52

stretching

Question 53

results of a quick and abrupt muscle contraction

Answer 53

avulsion fx

Question 54

A slipped capital femoral epiphysis can result from

Answer 54

trauma or overuse

Question 55

most common site for overuse injury in children

Answer 55

Knee

Question 56

is an avulsion of the bone where the patellar tendon attaches to the bone of the tibia.

Answer 56

Osgood Schlatter disease

Question 57

Treatment for Osgood Schlatter’s disease

Answer 57

Ice for pain and inflammation Aggressive stretching program Exercise with emphasis on eccentric ex

Question 58

Patellar pain syndrome treatment

Answer 58

Strengthening of VMO: Stretching of the TFL and the iliotibial band.

Question 59

Malalignment between the patella and distal femur.

Answer 59

Patellar pain syndrome

Question 60

VMO may be weak allowing excess motion of the patella on the femur.

Answer 60

Patellar pain syndrome

Question 61

Excess genu valgus

Answer 61

Patellar pain syndrome

Question 62

Inflammation between posterior tibialis and soleus and the periosteum of the tibia. Excessive pronation is a common cause

Answer 62

Shin splints-Medial tibial stress syndrome

Question 63

Sx is medial tibial pain

Answer 63

Shin splints-Medial tibial stress syndrome

Question 64

Shin splints treatment

Answer 64

Corrections of gait deficiencies during walking and running. Landing more toward midfoot than the heel Aquatic ex, stretching and strengthening

Question 65

Interventions for amputees

Answer 65

Shape and desensitize residual limb Plan a program of exercise for strengthening Improve endurance Improve tolerance for wear of prosthetic

Question 66

occur in utero; common cause is amniotic band syndrome

Answer 66

Congenital

Question 67

entire bone missing

Answer 67

Amelia

Question 68

all or part of one bone is missing

Answer 68

Hemiamelia

Question 69

?-trauma, tumors, infections, or burns | 2x more common than the congenital

Answer 69

Acquired-trauma,

Question 70

proximal bone is missing

Answer 70

phocomelia-