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CNA > Quiz 2 (chapters: 6,7,9,10,11) > Flashcards

Quiz 2 (chapters: 6,7,9,10,11) Flashcards

1
Q

describe clean

A

an object not contaminated with pathogens

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2
Q

describe dirty

A

an object that is contaminated with pathogens

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3
Q

What is sterilization?

A

all microorganisms are destroyed

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4
Q

what is disinfection?

A

Most, but not all pathogens are destroyed.

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5
Q

four reasons why elderly are at high risk for infections

A

hospitalized more often, skin tears more easily, bones are brittle and break more easily, decreased circulation and slow wound healing, catheters, dehydration and malnourished

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6
Q

hand hygiene

A

hand washing or alcohol bases hand rub

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7
Q

why should NAs avoid artificial nails

A

Avoid bacteria and contamination

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8
Q

when should gowns be worn?

A

coming into contact with body fluid, blood or secretions, or splashing/spraying of bodily fluids

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9
Q

when should mask and goggles be worn

A

goggles for splashing/spraying of blood or bodily fluids

mask for when resident is coughing or sneezing or have respiratory illnesses

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10
Q

don

A

wash hands, gown, mask, goggles, gloves

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11
Q

dof

A

gloves, goggles, gown, mask, wash hands

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12
Q

how are bloodborne diseases transmitted?

A

by entering bloodstream or if infected secretions contacts mucus membranes (sexual contact)

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13
Q

What does HIV do to the immune system

A

it weakens the immune system so that the body cannot effectively fight off infections

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14
Q

how is hiv transmitted

A

blood, infected needles, from mother to fetus, and a sexually transmitted disease.

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15
Q

Hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

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16
Q

what are some causes of hepatitis

A

Certain viruses, alcohol abuse, some medications, and trauma

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17
Q

how is HAV spread

A

fecal-oral route

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18
Q

how long can HAV live for and is there a vaccine?

A

HAV can survive outside the body for months. There is a vaccine available for HAV

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19
Q

how is HBV spread

A

HBV is bloodborne. HBV is spread through sexual contact by sharing needles, from mother to her baby during delivery, through improperly sterilized needles used for tattoos an piercings and grooming supplies

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20
Q

how long can HBV live for

A

live outside the body for 7 days

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21
Q

is there a vaccine for HBV

A

vaccine is usually given as a series of three shots

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22
Q

HBV complications

A

HBV can be FATAL. can lead to serious problems with the liver such as cirrhosis or liver cancer

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23
Q

how is HCV spread

A

HCV is bloodborne, it is spread through blood and body fluids

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24
Q

HCV complications

A

HCV can be fatal if it leads to serious illness such as cirrhosis or liver cancer. a liver transplant may be required

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25
Q

Vaccine for HCV

A

there is no vaccine for HCV but it can be cured with using certain medication sometimes in combinations

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26
Q

what is cirrhosis

A

liver damage

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27
Q

how is HDV spread

A

its transmitted by blood. BUT a person MUST have HBV in order to get HDV

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28
Q

is there a vaccine for HDV

A

there is no vaccine

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29
Q

how is HEV spread

A

fecal-oral route, mostly through contaminated water

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30
Q

is there a vaccine for HEV

A

no vaccine for HEV

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31
Q

Most common type of hepatitis

A

a,b,c

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32
Q

six chain of infection

A

causative agent
reservoir
portal exit
mode of transmission
portal entry
susceptible host

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33
Q

causative agent

A

Causative agent is a pathogenic microorganism that causes disease. Causative agents include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

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34
Q

reservoir

A

Reservoir is where the pathogens lives and multiplies. A reservoir can be a human, an animal, a plant, soil, or a substance.

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35
Q

portal exit

A

The portal of exit is any opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to leave. These include the nose, mouth, eyes,genitals/urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, or a cut in the skin.

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36
Q

mode of transmission

A

The mode of transmission describes how the pathogen travels. The transmission of an infectious disease occurs in different ways.

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37
Q

main routes of transmission

A

contact, airborne, droplet

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38
Q

the portal entry

A

Pathogens enter the human host through different portals of entry. The portal of entry is any body opening on an uninfected person that allows pathogens to enter.

These include the nose, mouth, eyes, and other mucous membranes, cuts in the skin, and
cracked skin.

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39
Q

susceptible host

A

A susceptible host is an uninfected person who could become ill. ( A person becomes a susceptible host when their resistance to disease decreases.)

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40
Q

where does microorganisms thrive best in

A

Warm, dark, and moist places

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41
Q

what are microorganisms

A

small living bodies that can be seen only under a microscope

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42
Q

mucous membranes

A

membranes that line body cavities that open to the outside of the body. These include the linings of the mouth, nose, eyes, rectum, and genitals.

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43
Q

two types of CDC

A

Standard Precautions and Transmission-Based Precautions

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44
Q

standard precautions; not including what?

A

Standard Precautions means treating blood, body fluids, non intact skin, and mucous membranes as if they were infected. NOT including sweat!

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45
Q

airborne precautions

A

prevent the spread of pathogens that travel through the air after being expelled. The pathogens are able to remain suspended in the air for extended periods of time. They are carried by moisture, air, currents, and dust.

46
Q

airborne example

A

tuberculosis

47
Q

droplet precautions

A

are used for diseases that are spread by droplets in the air. Droplets normally dont travel more than 6 feet. Talking, singing, sneezing, laughing, breathing, or coughing can spread droplets.

48
Q

droplet precautions examples

A

influenza

49
Q

contact precautions

A

spread by direct contact with another person or object.

50
Q

contact precautions examples

A

pinkeye and c. diff

51
Q

how to kill c. diff

A

if object use bleach

if hands, wash hands with soap and water

52
Q

medical asepsis

A

reduce, remove, or control the spread of pathogens

53
Q

surgical asepsis

A

completely free of microorganisms

54
Q

MRSA abbreviation

A

methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus

55
Q
A
56
Q

CRE abbreviation

A

Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae

57
Q

VRE

A

vancomycin-resistant enterococcus

58
Q

MRSA

A

developed resistance to antibiotic methicillin

59
Q

CRE

A

developed resistance to antibiotic carbapenem

60
Q

VRE

A

developed resistance to antibiotic vancomycin

61
Q

how is mrsa spread

A

indirect and direct contact

62
Q

how is cre spread

A

direct contact with an infected person

63
Q

how is VRE spread

A

indirect and direct contact

64
Q

MDRO

A

bacteria that are resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents

65
Q

SDS abbreviation

A

safety data sheet

66
Q

important information of sds

A

Chemical ingredient
Dangers of product
Pictograms
Protective items to wear
Correct way of use
Emergency response
Safe handling

67
Q

why was restraints restricted

A

Restraints are restricted because caregivers overused restraints and residents were injured by the restraints

68
Q

what are restraint alternatives

A

Restraint Alternatives are measures used in place of a restraint or that reduce the need for a restrain

69
Q

List six signs to report to a nurse about intravenous (IV) therapy

A
  1. The needle or catheter has fallen out or moves out of the vein.
  2. The armboard or handboard becomes loose.
  3. The tubing is disconnected.
  4. Blood appears in the tubing.
  5. The IV fluid in the bag or container is gone or almost gone.
  6. The IV fluid is not dripping, is leaking, or the bag breaks.
70
Q

What three things need to be present for a fire to occur?

A

heat
fuel
oxygen

71
Q

If a fire has started, what should the nursing assistant do before opening a closed door?

A

check for heat

72
Q

List two general safety steps to protect residents in a facility?

A
  1. If any visitor or staff member makes you uneasy, do not leave a resident alone with the person.
  2. If you notice anything suspicious, report it immediately.
73
Q

pass

A

pull
aim
squeeze
sweep

74
Q

race

A

rescue
alarm
contain
extinguish/evacuate

75
Q

aspiration

A

food liquid foreign materials in the lungs

76
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty of swallowing

77
Q

What are two resources that families may use to help them choose a care facility for a loved one

A

The family may review information from federal agencies, such as centers of medicare & medicaid

Ask recommendations from friends

78
Q

During discharge of a resident, when does the nursing assistant’s responsibility for the resident end?

A

When the resident is safely in their vehicle and the doors are closed.

79
Q

how many inches are there in five feet

A

60

80
Q

lying flat on her back with knees flexed and her feet flat on the bed

A

dorsal recumbent position

81
Q

lying flat on her abdomen with her knees pulled toward the abdomen and her legs separated?

A

knee chest position

82
Q

lying on her back with her feet in padded stirrups?

A

lithotomy position

83
Q

three functions sleep performs

A

Replace old cells with new ones.

Promotes healing and healthy body function.

Helps decrease the risk of certain illnesses and disease.

84
Q

disposable meaning

A

only one time use

85
Q

why should NAs carry clean linen away from uniform

A

avoid contamination

86
Q

why should linen never be shaken

A

it may spread airborne contaminants

87
Q

when making be NA should observe

A

their skin

88
Q

when is a surgical bed made

A

when residents return on a stretcher from treatments or hospital visits

89
Q

sleep apnea

A

dosruption of breathing while person is sleeping

90
Q

stimulant that may prevent residents from sleeping

A

nicotine

91
Q

a type of depressant (substance that causes calmness and drowsiness)

A

wine

92
Q

bariatrics

A

branch of medicine that deals with the causes, prevention, and treatment of obesity.

93
Q

biorhythms

A

natural rhythms or cycles related to bodily functions

94
Q

circadian rhythms

A

24 hour day-night cycle

95
Q

incontinence

A

inability to control bladder or bowel, which leads to involuntary urine and feces

96
Q

parasomnias

A

sleep disorders

97
Q

How does proper alignment benefit the human body?

A

Correct body alignment helps the body achieve balance without causing muscle or joint strain.

98
Q

why should objects be close to the body

A

decrease stress on back

99
Q

What is the benefit of using a draw sheet of other assist device when repositioning

A

help prevent skin damage

100
Q

For a resident with one weak side and one strong side, which side should move first and why?

A

NA’s must plan the move so that the stronger side moves first and the weaker side follows. It is difficult for the weaker arm and leg to bear enough weight for the transfer if they are moved first.

101
Q

when moving a resident down a ramp in a wheeelchair, which direction should they be facing

A

backwards

102
Q

supine position

A

lying flat on his back

103
Q

lateral position

A

lying on either side

104
Q

fowlers position

A

semi sitting position 45-60 degrees elevated

105
Q

device to help transfer residents

A

transfer belt

106
Q

where should transfer belt be placed on resident

A

around waist, over their clothing

107
Q

ergonomics

A

science to make equipment to make it safer for the residents

108
Q

logrolling

A

moving a person as a unit, without disturbing the alignment of the body

109
Q

prone

A

lying on the front side of the body

110
Q

sims

A

lying on the left side, upper knee flexed pulled towards chest

CNA (1 decks)

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