Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

History and Systems Summer 13 > Quiz 2: Ch 7-12 > Flashcards

Quiz 2: Ch 7-12 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards World History 101 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards
1
Q

Rationalism is to empiricism as ____ is to _____

a. Deduction:induction
b. Induction:deduction
c. A posteriori:a priori
d. Passive mind:active mind

A

a. Deduction:induction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Descartes’ method was modeled after the

a. Greek philosopher Aristotle
b. Greek philosopher Socrates
c. Galen, the Roman physicians
d. The work of mathematicians

A

d. The work of mathematicians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

___ argued against the metaphysical basis of demonology and thus figured in humanitarian reform in the treatment of mentally ill

a. Immanuel Kant
b. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
c. Benedict (Baruch) Spinoza
d. Rene Descartes

A

c. Benedict (Baruch) Spinoza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A tautology is an expression that is

a. Reflects a profound truth
b. Is highly insightful
c. Is filled with information
d. Is redundant or trivial

A

d. Is redundant or trivial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which of the following was most devoted to finding a middle way between the extremes of rationalism and empiricism

a. David Hume
b. George Berkeley
c. Immanuel Kant
d. Claude-Adrien Helvetius

A

c. Immanuel Kant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The term heteronomy refers to

a. Self-government
b. The capacity to act freely and independently
c. Government from the outside
d. A neurosis marked by an overemphasis on independence

A

c. Government from the outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which of the following is the most monistic?

a. Benedict (Baruch) Spinoza
b. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
c. Rene Descartes
d. Immanuel Kant

A

a. Benedict (Baruch) Spinoza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Herbart believed that a major goal of education should be to

a. Build what he called apperceptive mass
b. Focus on drills in order to instill discipline
c. Emphasize pure science and pure knowledge and de-emphasize practical applications
d. Focus always on concrete facts

A

a. Build what he called apperceptive mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The philosopher most clearly associated with so-called common-sense theory was

a. David Hume
b. Thomas Reid
c. Johann Friedrich Herbard
d. George Berkley

A

b. Thomas Reid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Reid argued for a number of propositions he called “first principles” Which of the following is an example:

a. To be is to be perceived
b. Those things really exist which we distinctly perceive by our senses
c. I think, therefore I am.
d. Education should build the apperceptive mass

A

b. Those things really exist which we distinctly perceive by our senses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Philosophy to Hobbes was

a. The queen of the humanities
b. Essentially a social science
c. A branch of theology
d. Simply science

A

d. Simply science

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When theorizing about human physiology, Descartes relied heavily on the hydraulic model he observed in moving statues. In Descartes’ view of humans, ____ flowing in nerves is (are) analogous to water flowing in the pipes of the statues.

a. The pineal glad
b. Air
c. Animal spirits
d. Very fine atoms

A

c. Animal spirits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Descartes believe that

a. Many movements in humans and all movements in animals were of a purely mechanical and nonreflective nature
b. All movements in humans and in animals are mechanical
c. All movements in humans are of a reflective nature and some movements in animals are of a reflective nature
d. All human behavior is rational and no animal behavior is rational

A

a. Many movements in humans and all movements in animals were of a purely mechanical and nonreflective nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Descartes advanced many hypotheses about the pineal gland. Neils Stensen demonstrated that some of these hypotheses were incorrect. Which of the following were challenged by Stensen?

a. The pineal gland moves from side to side
b. The pineal gland is richly supplied with nerves
c. Animals do not have pineal glands
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

____ drew distinctions between voluntary and involuntary actions and may have been the first to use the terms stimulus and response in a manner comparable to modern usage.

a. Robert Whytt
b. Stephen Hales
c. Johann August Unzer
d. François Magendie

A

a. Robert Whytt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

____ was the French researcher who verified the motor function of the ventral root of the spinal cord and discovered the sensory function of the dorsal root of the spinal cord.

a. Pierre-Jean-George Cabanis
b. Etienne Bonnot de Condillac
c. François Magendie
d. Claude-Adrien Helvetus

A

c. François Magendie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The doctrine of the specific energies of the nerves implies that

a. Experience is not totally dependent upon nervous structure
b. We are directly aware of objects in the world
c. We are directly aware not of objects, but of our nerves themselves
d. The mind is only sometimes tied directly to the machinery of the body

A

c. We are directly aware not of objects, but of our nerves themselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The literal meaning of phrenology

a. Science of the skull
b. Science of the brain
c. Science of the mind
d. Science of shape

A

c. Science of the mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

____ was one of the first to use descriptive social statistics in campaigns to improve the treatment environments for the mentally ill

a. Benjamin Rush
b. Jacques Quételet
c. Francis Galton
d. Dorthea Lynde Dix

A

d. Dorthea Lynde Dix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

_____ discovered that articulate or spoken speech is localized in the left inferior frontal gyrus

a. Franz Joseph Gall
b. Julius Eduard Hitzig
c. Paul Broca
d. Pierre Flourens

A

c. Paul Broca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

____ is the belief that changes on earth occur at a very slow pace over vast stretches o time. This view is often contrasted with ____ which promotes the idea that all changes in the earth are sudden and dramatic

a. unilateralism: disaster theory
b. uniformitarianism: catastrophe theory
c. catastrophe theory: uniformism
d. linear theory: disaster theory

A

b. uniformitarianism: catastrophe theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Naturalism, as a philosophical perspective, is the doctrine that

a. Scientific procedures and laws are applicable to al phenomena
b. To be a scientist one must be an atheist
c. Science is applicable to the worlds of physics, chemistry, and biology, but not necessarily to psychology
d. Origins are relatively unimportant what is important is the here and now. The present must be understood naturalistically

A

a. Scientific procedures and laws are applicable to al phenomena

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

After returning to England following the voyage of the Beagle, Darwin continues to struggle with the mechanism of evolution. A breakthrough came when he read the work of ___ on the principle of _____.

a. Kant: Heteronomy
b. Kant: the synthetic a priori
c. Leibniz: petites perceptions
d. Malthus: population growth

A

d. Malthus: population growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The theory of evolution based on the concept of natural selection was discovered independently by

a. Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace
b. Charles Darwin and Charles Lyell
c. Charles Darwin and Joseph Hooker
d. Charles Darwin and Thomas Robert Malthus

A

a. Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Early evolutionary theorists were captivated by the idea that ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny. This idea means that

a. There is no qualitative difference between animal and human consciousness
b. All change is gradual
c. The offspring will always resemble the parents
d. Each individual goes through the developmental stages that characterize the history of the race.

A

d. Each individual goes through the developmental stages that characterize the history of the race.

26
Q

The Malleus Maleficarium (translated as The Hammer Against Witches) was written by Dominican Friars Heinrich Kramer and Jacob Srenger. First published in 1486, it

a. Was never very popular though somewhat influential in the Spanish inquisition
b. Was popular for about 50 years and then became a source of shame to those who practiced its teachings
c. Was placed on the Index of Forbidden Books by Pope Innocent VIII
d. Was one of the most influential books of the 15th and 16th centuries.

A

d. Was one of the most influential books of the 15th and 16th centuries.

27
Q

According to ____, mental disorders have their origin primarily in the blood vessels of the brain In his opinion, disturbances of circulation were involved in all disease and mental disorders were no exception. He argued for humane treatment of the mentally ill.

a. Benjamin Rush
b. Rene Descartes
c. Benedict Spinoza
d. Vincenzo Chiarugi

A

a. Benjamin Rush

28
Q

According to the text, the great reformer Dorthea Lynde Dix may have done much to create a climate friendly to the development of psychology because

a. She openly advocated a science of psychology
b. Of her great ability to mobilize public opinion about problems that were psychological in nature
c. Of her original studies on sensory processes
d. Of her psychiatric work in the Civil Ware as Superintendent of Army Nurses.

A

b. Of her great ability to mobilize public opinion about problems that were psychological in nature

29
Q

The individual who treated the so-called “Wild Boy of Aveyron” is one of the great pioneers in the study of the care and treatment of mentally disadvantaged children.

a. Dorthea Lynde Dix
b. Daniel Hack Tuke
c. Jean Itard
d. Vincenzo Chiarugi

A

c. Jean Itard

30
Q

___ argued that women’s health and women’s opportunities for equal footing in society were rooted in the possibility of birth control.

a. Dorthea Lynde Dix
b. Mary Wollstoncraft
c. Margaret Sanger
d. Susan B. Anthony

A

c. Margaret Sanger

31
Q

The term psychophysics refers to

a. The study of relationships between reading of physical scales and readings on measures of physiological processes (e.g. blood pressures, heart rate, etc.)
b. The study of the effects of physical variables (e.g. atomspherical pressure, light intensity, etc)
c. The study of physiological psychology in all of its manifestations
d. The study of the relationships between the properties of stimuli as measured on a physical scale and the psychological or subjective impressions of those stimuli

A

d. The study of the relationships between the properties of stimuli as measured on a physical scale and the psychological or subjective impressions of those stimuli

32
Q

The just noticeable difference (difference threshold) is as constant mathematical function of the existing amount of stimulations. In its most basic form, this was first proposed by

a. Ernst Heinrich Weber
b. Hermann von Helmholtz
c. Rudolph Hermann Lotze
d. Wilhelm Wundt

A

a. Ernst Heinrich Weber

33
Q

___ possessed an intense interest in vision research, particularly in the areas of color vision, depth perception, and the physical structure of the eye

a. Gustav Fechner
b. Ernst Weber
c. Hermann von Helmholtz
d. Rudolph Hermann Lotze

A

c. Hermann von Helmholtz

34
Q

Helmholtz explained depth perception in terms of monocular and binocular cues. To more adequately study binocular cutes for depth perception, he invented the

a. Opthalmoscope
b. Aesthesiometer
c. Stereoscope
d. Prism

A

c. Stereoscope

35
Q

The formal beginnings of experimental psychology are generally traced to the year ___ when ____.

a. 1834…Weber published his work on the Sense of Touch
b. 1879…Wundt established laboratory at Leipzig
c. 1881…Lotze published his outlines of Psychology
d. 1973…Wundt published Volume I of his classic Principles of Physiological Psychology

A

b. 1879…Wundt established laboratory at Leipzig

36
Q

Prior to ___, psychology was often thought of as a branch of philosophy. Following his work, psychology became a separate discipline and an experimental science in its own right.

a. Helmholtz
b. Wundt
c. Fechner
d. Weber

A

b. Wundt

37
Q

The name Wundt preferred for his system of thought was

a. Structuralism
b. Voluntarism
c. Existentialism
d. Functionalism

A

b. Voluntarism

38
Q

Which of the following statements best characterizes Wundt’s approach to methodology?

a. He relied exclusively on introspection
b. He relied largely on naturalistic observation
c. Most of his laboratory studies employed a rigorous form of introspections, but he recognized other methods such as naturalistic observation, historical methods, etc.
d. He relied exclusively on the phenomenological method

A

c. Most of his laboratory studies employed a rigorous form of introspections, but he recognized other methods such as naturalistic observation, historical methods, etc.

39
Q

According to the text, which of the following is NOT a contribution associated with Emil Kraeplin?

a. One of the first psychiatrists to claim that criminal behavior should be considered a mental illness
b. One of the first psychiatrists to conduct clinical research on the disorder tat would later be named (by Kraeplin) as “Alzheimer’s Disease”
c. One of the first psychiatrists to become a vigorous opponent of the death penalty
d. One of the first psychiatrists to conduct clinical research on individual difference in intelligence

A

d. One of the first psychiatrists to conduct clinical research on individual difference in intelligence

40
Q

Wundt defined psychology as

a. the science of experience and behavior
b. the science that studies actions and movements
c. the science that studies the facts of consciousness
d. behavioral science

A

c. the science that studies the facts of consciousness

41
Q

_____ defined psychology as the science that studies the facts of consciousness

A

Wundt

42
Q

The technical term employed by Titchener for his system of psychology was ______.

A

Structuralism

43
Q

______ believed that the first task of any science was to investigate the basic elements of the subject matter

A

Titchener

44
Q

The system of psychology associated with the work of Franz Brentano is known as ____ _____.

A

act psychology

45
Q

___ ____ insisted on a psychology that accept experience as forward looking, active, manipulative, and intentional

A

Franz Brentano

46
Q

____ and his co-workers at the Wurzburg school were most likely to have studied imageless thought

A

Külpe

47
Q

Ebbinghaus was a pioneer in applied psychology, developing the ___ as a way to assess the cognitive capacities of school children

a. IQ test
b. Completion test
c. Paired-associate technique
d. Mental set

A

b. Completion test

48
Q

After the work of ___, the study of psychology was expanded to higher cognitive functions and was no longer limited to the study of simple sensations and psychological structures

a. Hermann Ebbinghaus
b. Franz Brentano
c. Ernst Weber
d. Gustav Theodor Fechner

A

a. Hermann Ebbinghaus

49
Q

Which of the following would be most likely to conduct experiments on the effect of mental set?

a. Oswald Külpe
b. Georg Elias Müller
c. Herman Ebbinghaus
d. Ernst Weber

A

a. Oswald Külpe

50
Q

Which of the following transported the scientific dimensions of Wundt’s psychology to the United States?

a. Franz Brentano
b. Oswald Külpe
c. Edward Bradford Titchener
d. Georg Elias Müller

A

c. Edward Bradford Titchener

51
Q

Titchener found that all sensations have a minimum of four attributes. The attributes were

a. Quality, intensity, clearness, and duration
b. Source, impetus, aim, and object
c. Steady state, arousal, working stage, and recovery
d. Force, duration, dimension, and origin

A

a. Quality, intensity, clearness, and duration

52
Q

According to the text, James’ metaphysical ultimate is

a. God
b. Reason
c. Behavior
d. experience

A

d. experience

53
Q

According to James, human beliefs should be evaluated primarily in terms

a. Of their consistency
b. Of how they square with sacred traditions
c. The real work they accomplish in the world
d. Their general social acceptance

A

c. The real work they accomplish in the world

54
Q

In his discussion of thought or thinking, James employed an analogy. He viewed thought as somewhat comparable to

a. Chemical elements
b. Telephone switchboards
c. The flywheel of an engine
d. A stream

A

d. A stream

55
Q

The first experimental laboratory in psychology in the United States was founded by

a. Hugo Münsterberg
b. William James
c. Edward Bradford Titchener
d. James McKeen Cattell

A

b. William James

56
Q

The book On the Witness Stand is the standard classic in forensic psychology. This book marks ____ as one of the most important pioneers in the study of the relationships between psychology and the law

a. William James
b. G. Stanley Hall
c. Hugo Münsterberg
d. James McKeen Cattell

A

c. Hugo Münsterberg

57
Q

_____ founded the American Psychological Association and serve as its first president in 1892.

a. Hugo Münsterberg
b. William James
c. G. Stanley Hall
d. Walter Dill Scott

A

c. G. Stanley Hall

58
Q

____ extended many of the concepts of functionalism into the field of education. He argued that the concept of democracy is learned and that democratic ideals cannot be fostered in schools that emphasize rote learning and strict regimentation

a. John Dewey
b. John Rowland Angell
c. Harvey A. Carr
d. James McKeen Cattell

A

a. John Dewey

59
Q

The importance of motivation had been neglected in many early systems of psychology. Which of the following did most to elevate the importance of motivation?

a. G. Stanley Hall
b. James McKeen Cattell
c. Robert Sessions Woodworth
d. Leta Setter Hollingworth

A

c. Robert Sessions Woodworth

60
Q

Although Harvard University refused to grant her a Ph.D. ____ served as the first female president of the American Psychological Association, and she argued that the concept of the self should be a major focus in the work of psychologists

a. Leta Setter Hollingworth
b. Dorthea Lynde Dix
c. Margaret Floy Washburn
d. Mary Whiton Calkins

A

d. Mary Whiton Calkins

61
Q

____ explored sex differences and the consequences of dropping out of school

a. James McKeen Cattell
b. Leta Setter Hollingworth
c. Mary Calkins
d. Helen Wooley

A

d. Helen Wooley

History and Systems Summer 13 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions