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Speech & Hearing Science > Quiz 2 (Ch. 4-6) > Flashcards

Quiz 2 (Ch. 4-6) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Movements of the Larynx

A

Lengthen/shorten vertically
Inward & outwards of lateral walls
Forwards & backwards of posterior walls
Forwards & backwards of velum, tongue, epiglottis

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2
Q

movements of the mandible

A

upwards
downwards
backwards
side to side

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3
Q

The upper lip stays still on the _____ while the bottom lip moves with the _____

A

maxilla
mandible

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4
Q

what is the Pharyngeal-Oral Lumen Size and Configuration?

A

the inner open space of the pharynx
and oral cavity

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5
Q

what is Pharyngeal-Oral Contact Pressure?

A

the articulators work together to obstruct the lumen at different places. When they press together or work together, P is created

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6
Q

What is the Pharyngeal-Oral airway resistance?

A

airflow is changed by articulators

cross-section of airway plays largest role in creating resistance

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7
Q

What plays the largest role in creating airway resistance?

A

cross-section of airway

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8
Q

What is the pharyngeal-oral acoustic impendence?

A

sound energy will come out differently depending on what areas of the cross-section are changed

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9
Q

Describe a vowel

A

tongue height
tongue advancement
tense
roundedness

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10
Q

Describe a consonant

A

obstruents or sonorants

differ from vowels due to production locations, production manner, voiced or voiceless

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11
Q

Forward articulation

A

Right to left
anticipatory sounds

upcoming sound influences currently produced sound

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12
Q

Backward articulation

A

left to right
“carryover” sounds

previous sound will influence a currently produced sound

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13
Q

What does nasal airflow tell you about velopharyngeal status when measured during
speech production?

A

if the velopharyngeal port is open or closed

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14
Q

what is phonation threshold pressure?

A

the lowest oral pressure we produce when we speak as quietly as we can without turning into whispering

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15
Q

How can velopharyngeal closure be achieved?

A

elevation of velum

bringing lateral pharyngeal walls inward

1&2 + bring posterior pharyngeal wall forward

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16
Q

How does head position influence velopharyngeal function?

A

depends on gravity, so if you are lying down
the velum will be in a slightly more closed position (closer to back of oropharynx).

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17
Q

How does velopharyngeal-nasal function for speech production change with age?

A

due to structural changes

ex. palates grow, larynx moves down

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18
Q

where is the velopharyngeal-nasal apparatus located?

A

head
neck

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19
Q

what are the 3 cavities of the pharynx?

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

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20
Q

what are the 4 sinuses?

A

maxillary
frontal
ethmoid
sphenoid

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21
Q

what is hypernasality?

A

too much air escaping the nose

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22
Q

what is hyponasality?

A

too little air escaping the nose?

ex. a cold

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23
Q

what is nasal cycling?

A

Magnitude of resistance alternates from side to side; that is, the left side congests and decongests while the right side does the opposite

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24
Q

what is nasal-oral switching?

A

When nasal pathway resistance gets too high (due to congestion or high airflow), there is a switch to oral or oral-nasal breathing

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25
Q

2 roles of the velopharyngeal-nasal apparatus

A

manage airstream for oral consonants

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26
Q

______ are more likely to be produced
with a closed velopharynx, greater velar height,
and greater or closer contact between velum
and posterior pharyngeal wall

A

high vowels

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27
Q

sustained fricative consonants are produced with…

A

closed velopharynx

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28
Q

sustained nasal consonants are produced with…

A

open velopharynx

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29
Q

by about ____ months, the velopharynx closes for oral sound production all the time

A

19

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30
Q

infants are preferential….

A

nasal breathers

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31
Q

what apparatuses form the upper airway?

A

pharyngeal-oral
velopharyngeal-nasal

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32
Q

how many teeth do we have?

A

32 (maxilla and mandible both have 16)

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33
Q

what is the oral vestibule?

A

front part of the oral cavity

lips, cheeks, front teeth, anterior parts of maxilla/mandible

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34
Q

what 2 things change the size/shape of the pharyngeal tube?

A

tongue
epiglottis

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35
Q

what is sound generation?

A

creation of an acoustic source

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36
Q

what is sound filtering?

A

shaping of the sound source

37
Q

what are transient sounds?

A

popping/stops
airstream is interrupted and released

38
Q

what are turbulence sounds?

A

fricatives/hissing
air is forced thro narrow constriction

39
Q

What is the source filter theory?

A

the generation of speech sounds by positing
that a source of sound (vocal fold vibrations, fricative noise, or both together) is filtered through the air spaces in the vocal tract

40
Q

sounds produced with open pharyngeal-oral or nasal airways

A

sonorants

41
Q

sounds produced w/ a constriction or obstruction

A

obstruents

42
Q

overlapping articulatory events

A

coproduction

43
Q

this is the constriction between the tongue and alveolar process

A

front place

44
Q

this is the constriction btw the tongue and hard palate

A

central place

45
Q

this is the constriction btw the tongue and posterior pharyngeal wall

A

back place

46
Q

measures lung volume and airflow

A

spirometry

47
Q

name the 3 types of measurement

A

spirometry
chest wall surface tracking
manometry

48
Q

lung volume change over time

A

airflow

49
Q

measured by tracking movements of the chest wall surface and measures the chest wall shape

A

chest wall surface tracking

50
Q

Consist of two pairs of generator-sensor coils, one for the rib cage wall and one for the abdominal wall

type of chest wall surface tracking

A

respiratory magnetometer

51
Q

Consist of elastic bands embedded with
electric wires, one for the rib cage wall
and one for the abdominal wall

when the bands lengthen and shorten,
the signal changes accordingly

A

respiratory inductance plethysmograph

52
Q

_____ allows for relatively natural speech production because the face is unencumbered

A

chest wall surface tracking

53
Q

this measurement measures pressure

A

manometry

54
Q

what is the P of interest for manometry?

A

alveolar pressure

55
Q

The tongue is held forward and a rigid pole is inserted through the oral cavity into the oropharynx

can only study vowels

A

rigid endoscopy

56
Q

flexible tube is inserted thro nose and velopharynx to pharynx

studies running speech production

A

flexible endoscopy

57
Q

can be used with a constant light source or with
a stroboscopic (flashing) light source

A

endoscopy

58
Q

gives the optical illusion of slowing vocal fold
vibration so that individual cycles appear to be seen with the naked eye

A

stroboscopy

59
Q

records at a rate of about 30 frames/second (thus the need for stroboscopy)

A

standard videoendoscopy

60
Q

two electrodes placed on the neck between which a slight current flows

A

electroglottography

61
Q

reflects the resistance of the laryngeal airway to the air flowing through it

A

laryngeal airway resistance

62
Q

Visualize the velopharyngeal-nasal structures
The endoscope is positioned above the velopharynx

A

nasendoscopy

63
Q

if nasal air pressure is + during speech production, the velopharynx is…

A

open

64
Q

Several small markers are fixed to visible speech structures

Movements of the lips and jaw can be tracked in
three dimensions over time

A

optoelectronic tracking

65
Q

When the tongue touches an electrode,
the electrode responds by lighting up

A

EPG monitoring

66
Q

expert in speech disorders affecting all
speech subsystems

A

SLP

67
Q

professional who provides guidance and
support for emotional distress that can accompany (or cause) a speech
disorder

A

psychologist

68
Q

physician who specializes in disorders of the nervous system

A

neurologist

69
Q

physician who specializes in medical imaging

A

radiologist

70
Q

physician with expertise in breathing disorders

A

pulmonologist

71
Q

therapist who carries out evaluation and management procedures requested by a pulmonologist

A

respiratory therapist

72
Q

professional with expertise in body positioning and movement

A

physical therapist

73
Q

physician who specializes in ear (oto), nose (rhino), and throat (laryngo) disorders; called an ENT

A

Otorhinolaryngologist

74
Q

physician who performs surgery and reconstruction of deformed or damaged body parts

A

plastic surgeon

75
Q

specialist in the care and repair of teeth

A

dentist

76
Q

dentist who specializes in fabricating prostheses to replace missing or poorly functioning structures

A

Prosthodontist

77
Q

what is the voice source spectrum?

A

combination of frequencies and sound
pressure levels that relate to the
quality of the voice.

78
Q

what are the 3 pharyngeal constrictors?

A

superior
middle
inferior

79
Q

5 parts of the tongue

A

tip
blade
dorsum
body
root

80
Q

known as the articulatory part of the speech mechanism

A

pharyngeal-oral apparatus

81
Q

the nasal septum is made of…

A

bone
cartilage

82
Q

the esophagus is continuous with the…

A

lower end of pharynx

83
Q

what helps with the opening of the eustachian tube?

A

palatal tensor

84
Q

inspirations during running speech usually occur through…

A

mouth and nose

85
Q

the _____ muscle moves the lips the greatest number of directions

A

orbicularis oris

86
Q

spirometry measures…

A

lung volume
airflow

87
Q

______ measure is a measure that can provide info about VF health & function

A

phonation threshold

88
Q

3 ways consonants are described

A

voice
place
manner

Speech & Hearing Science (1 decks)

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