Quiz 2 careers Flashcards
Postmodernism
Emphasis of scientific proof, is a reflection of advances in tech and science; believes individuals can have their own constructs of what is real for them
Constructivism= “meaning making”
developed out of postmodernism
individuals create meaning of their relationships and lives
counselors help cts see how their problems no longer have helpful meaning, and how they derive meanings from their experiences
Social constructionism
focuses on how INTERACTIONS with other affects views of world, and actions you take as result
examines how ppl fit into work, and how they fit work into their world
Narrative career counseling
tell stories about past and present career development and construct their future career
Client (narrative)
agent
Environment (narrative)
setting, family, friends, etc.
Experiences (narrative)
action designed to reach a goal that will meet needs of agent
Client’s abilities, friends, family, or employers (narrative)
instruments used to reach a goal
Goals in Narrative
- identify patterns
- form sense of ct’s identity by listening to their stories
- determine ct’s goals
Seven steps of Cochran’s narrative approach
Tier 1: Making meaning
a. problem
b. life history: interests, values, abilities, motives*; how do they organize their stories
c. future narrative: consider how strengths, interests, values will be in the future
Tier 2: Focus on being active
d. creating a reality: taking action, immerses ct in real world, talk with sources
e. changing present: change in situation, self, or both; new opportunities may arise
f. enacting role: trying things out to make goals possible
Tier 3: Ending
g. crystallization: when gap b/w now and ideal closes
Savicka’s career construction theory
social constructionist POV; construction of one’s career changes and is constantly changing
when you tell your career story, you produce a narrative
Career construction (savicka) meta theory
- holland
- developmental tasks
- dimensions of career adaptability
- life themes
Developmental tasks of career construction (Savicka)
must adapt to changes
**how do ppl construct and manage their careers
5 stages of developmental tasks of career adaptability (Savicka)
GEEMD
1. growth
2. exploration
3. establishment
4. management
5. disengagement
Dimensions of career adaptability (Savicka)
CCCC
1. Concern
2. Control
3. Curiosity
4. Confidence
Life Themes (Savicka)
- Lifestyle
- early recollections
- life tasks
- mattering
Career style interview
role models, magazines, tv show, hobbies, favorite saying/motto, fav school subjects
Roe’s personality development theory
personality predicts occupational selection and how children develop attitudes towards others
focuses on needs b/w parent and child–most focused on ATTITUDES, not bx
**believed people in similar occupations were raised similarly, and developed ways of thinking that related parent-child occupational groupings
3 parental attitudes and ways of parenting
- concentration of child (overprotective, overdemanding)
- avoidance of child (emotionally rejecting, neglectful)
- acceptance of child (casually accepting, loving accepting)
Attachment theory
studies role of attachments in shaping ppl
mom and baby
how do ppl’s views of self and competence develop along w/ view of others
Patterns of attachment
secure
anxious ambivalent
avoidant
secure attachment
infant responds to care easily, interacts well with others and world
anxious ambivalent
anxious b/c parent is inconsistent, view of self is uncertain
avoidant
infant ignores or rejects care, sense of being alone
Parent involved career exploration counseling
how do parents and kids view career decision making similarly or dissimilarly
may become closer or more distant
family systems theory
family relationships stronger predictors of career development than gender, SES, or educational achievement
disengaged vs. enmeshed
phillip’s developmental relational model
looks at relationships of family + siblings, teachers, peers, etc.
THEMES: actions of others and self-directedness
actions of others
ways people involve themselves in career decision making of others
self-directedness
way an individual may participate in finding other people to help in career decision making
nonactive support
not involved
unconditional support
thinks person is making a good choice
information provided
person provides info to someone
alternatives provided
person provides career related opportunities
push-nudge
an attempt to sway/guide in a certain direction
forced guidance
offering suggestions w/o considering pov of other
criticism
tells person what to do and criticizes them
confident independence (false confidence)
appear to be confident, but don’t have a future planned
unsuccessful recruitment
individuals know they need help, but haven’t been able to seek good assistance
insecure use of others
seek out advice of others, unsure about ability to make decisions
cautious
very careful to not make mistakes when making decisions
seeking info about self
unsure about interests, abilities, or values, and seeks out others about their pov
weighing options
asking others to help in decision making process
sounding board
talking out one’s pov with others
systematic
individuals consider the input of others, but take responsibility for their decision making
Bandura’s triadic reciprocal interaction system
personal factors, behaviors, env.
Krumboltz’s view of career decision making
emphasizes the importance of bx (action) and cognitions (knowing or thinking) in career making choices
examines 4 factors
1. genes
2. env
3. learning
4. task approach skills
Krumboltz Genes
inherited
greater innate genetic abilities, more likely they are to respond to learning and teaching
Krimboltz env factors
Social
Educational conditions
Occupational conditions
Cultural, political, economic, climate, geography
2 types of learning experience
instrumental
associative
Instrumental learning experiences
ABC= antecedent, behaviors, consequence (respond to antecedents with bx)
associative learning experience
when an individual pairs a situation that was previously neutral with one that is positive or negative
task approach skills**
goal setting
values clarification
generating alternatives
obtaining occupational info
**interactions b/w genes, env., and learning experiences–> skills
**how someone approaches a task depends on experience, AND influences the outcome of the task
counselor techniques in Behavioral (Krumboltz)
reinforcement, role playing, role models, simulation
counselor techniques in Cognitive (Krumboltz)
goal clarification, countering a troublesome belief, look for inconsistencies, cognitive rehearsal
tenets of krumboltz career counseling
do not use assessments to simply measure characteristics, use assessments to help cts expand capabilities and interests
prepare for change in workforce and technology, do not assume jobs will remain stable
planned happenstance in counseling
help cts recognize and take advantage of chance events
5 skills of happenstance
curiosity
perseverance
flexibility
optimism
risk taking
emphases in social learning theory (Krumboltz)
cognitive-behavioral
learning
planned happenstance
application
emphases in social COGNITIVE career learning theory
cognitive emphasis
choice
self-efficacy
research
belief systems that impacts thoughts–> behaviors
self-efficacy
judgement of one’s abilities to organize and carry out actions
**nature of task, people and surroundings, success in similar tasks
higher self-efficacy, more they believe they are capable
influenced by personal mastery experiences and vicarious experiences (more influential if observing someone similar to you), and weighted persuasion (influenced by credibility), and physiological states (how they are interpreted)
outcome expectation
estimates probability of an outcome
goals
set objectives that organize bx and guide actions
background Contextual factors
socialization influences
(proximal influences are “present” and more directly related to current career concerns)
