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Aphasia 520 > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Transcortical Motor Aphasia Breakdown

A

1) Non-fluent
2) Good auditory comprehension
3) Good repetition

*Motor area, anterior superior areas to Broca’s area, and cingulate gyrus

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2
Q

Pure alexia

A

marked impairment
of reading or spelling, but relatively preserved
speech production and comprehension

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3
Q

Deep alexia

A

SEVERE phonological impairment + impaired access to semantics

*Large left perisylvian damage

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4
Q

Transcortical sensory

A

evolves to Anomic

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5
Q

Transcortical motor

A

evolves to Anomic

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6
Q

3 methods for repairing or preventing stroke damage

A

1) Take advantage of cerebral plasticity (SLP)
2) Reorganization of neurons
3) Thrombolysis

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7
Q

Assessment for Living with Aphasia (ALA-2)

A
  • A pictographic self-report measure of aphasia related to quality of life
  • Psychometrically based profile with respect to:
    - Language impairment
    - Life participation
    - Psychosocial factors
    - Environmental areas
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8
Q

Transcortical Sensory Aphasia Breakdown

A

1) Fluent
2) Poor auditory comprehension
3) Good repetition

*Temporopariet-occipital area or deep to Wernicke’s area

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9
Q

Stuck-in-set perseveration

A

Inappropriate maintenance of a category or framework of responses

*drawing money from previous copying task during new picture description task

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10
Q

Implications of cognitive impairments in aphasia with attention

A
  • More prone to distraction

- This intensifies language difficulty

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11
Q

Global alexia

A

Severe damage to phonology, orthography, and semantics

*Large left perisylvian damage

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12
Q

Phonological agraphia

A

When spelling real words is better than spelling nonwords

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13
Q

Global

A

evolves to Broca’s

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14
Q

Lesions away from the Sylvian fissure _______ repetition

disrupt or preserve

A

preserve

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15
Q

Quality of Communication Life (QCL)

A
  • Stimuli for people with aphasia

- Self report style

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16
Q

Aphasia Framework for Outcome Measurement (A-FROM) includes these four sections

A

1) Participation in life situations
2) Communication and language environment
3) Language and related impairments
4) Personal identity, attitudes, and feelings

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17
Q

Neologistic paraphasia

A

a neologism substituted for a real word

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18
Q

Recurrent perseveration

A

Inappropriate production of a previous response (an action, word, sound, etc.)
following intervening presentation of a new stimulus, or after giving a different intervening response

  • Carrying forward a response (pupper, toothbrush ect.)
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19
Q

Broca’s

A

evolves to Anomic

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20
Q

PPA is different from stroke induced aphasia but these measures

A

1) Neuronal destruction can be selectively targeted (rarely complete destruction)
2) Gradual loss allows for reorganization
3) Damages areas that CVA don’t usually hit (e.g. anterior temporal lobes)

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21
Q

To assess phonology, we can use ______.

A

Non-words

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22
Q

3 Types of memory

A

1) Working memory (task)
2) Episodic memory (exp.)
3) Semantic memory (facts)

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23
Q

Implications of cognitive impairments in aphasia with memory

A
  • Smaller WM

- WM is slower and less efficient

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24
Q

Life Participation Approach to Aphasia (LPAA) is best described as

A

A more holistic approach to living with aphasia. Focuses on participation in life and the identity of a person living with aphasia

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25
Q

First stage of dementia progression

A

Anomia (naming objects)

“I know what it is but can’t find the word.”

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26
Q

Western Aphasia Battery

A
  • Functions much like the test for 518 and the other child language assessments for different aspects of speech and language
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27
Q

Functional reorganization

A

Activation or non traditional speech areas

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28
Q

Semantic (verbal) paraphasia

A

errors in word choice

girl —> boy girl —> house

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29
Q

End stage dementia

A

Mutism

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30
Q

Conduction Aphasia Breakdown

A

1) Fluent
2) Good auditory comprehension
3) Poor repetition

*Arcuate fasciculus and supramarginal gyrus

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31
Q

Mixed Transcortical Aphasia Breakdown

A

1) Non-fluent
2) Poor auditory comprehension
3) Good repetition

*Diffuse or multifocal lesions isolating perisylvian language area

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32
Q

Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) Definition

A

Aphasia due to a progressive disease or dementia, in which language processes are affected first

Atrophy of the brain is common

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33
Q

Anomic Aphasia Breakdown

A

1) Fluent
2) Good auditory comprehension
3) Good repetition

*Inferior temporal region and posterior temporo-parietal region

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34
Q

Semantic PPA characteristics

A

1) Naming and single word comprehension severely impaired
2) Surface dyslexia/dysgraphia
3) Grammar is spared
4) Loss of conceptual knowledge in addition to words and their meanings

e.g. “ship and tomb, do these words mean the same thing?” (will answer wrongly)

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35
Q

Central agraphia

A

Can result in an inability to spell

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36
Q

Logopenic PPA region affected

A

Left temporo-parietal area

posterior temporal, supramarginal gyri, and angular gyri

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37
Q

Logopenic PPA characteristics

A

(Must haves)

1) Impaired single word retrieval (anomia)
2) Impaired repetition of sentences and phrases

(At least 3)

1) Phonological errors
2) Spared single-word comprehension
3) Spared motor speech
4) Preservation of grammar

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38
Q

Communication Outcomes After Stroke (COAST)

A
  • Measurements for the actual functional outcomes like phone calls and other situations like that
  • Free
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39
Q

Agraphia

A

An acquired impairment of writing/spelling

*usually comes with aphasia and alexia

40
Q

Phonological alexia

A

Phonological impairment of reading where reading real
words is significantly better than reading nonwords

*Perisylvian damage

41
Q

Alexia

A

Acquired impairment of reading

*sometimes referred to as acquired dyslexia

42
Q

Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT)

A

Patient imitates intoned speech modelled by a clinician

43
Q

Is phonology perisylvian or extrasylvian?

A

Perisylvian

*Broca’s area, the precentral gyrus, the insular cortex, the Wernicke area, and the supramarginal gyrus

44
Q

Functional reactivation

A

Greater reliance on preserved language areas

45
Q

The hallmark characteristic of aphasia, anomia, can be identified by:

A

1) Pauses and hesitation
2) Self-correction
3) Circumlocution
4) Word choice errors (paraphasia)

46
Q

Reading and spelling rely on these 3 central processing components

A

1) Sounds (phonology)
2) Meanings (semantics)
3) Visual representations (orthography)

47
Q

4 Types of attention

A

1) Sustained
2) Selective (prioritizing)
3) Alternating (switching)
4) Divided (more than one at a time)

48
Q

Lesions near the Sylvian fissure _______ repetition

disrupt or preserve

A

disrupt

49
Q

SOAP format

A

1) Subjective: comments, non-measurable observations
2) Objective: data from assessment activities / session (no interpretation)
3) Assessment: clinical interpretation of assessment findings
4) Plan: direction for future treatment or assessment

50
Q

What causes dementia?

A

1) 60%-70% Froto-temporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)

2) 30%-40% Alzheimer disease

51
Q

Regularity effect

A

Can spell regular things, but not irregulars (can get a close sound like chore for choir)

52
Q

Peripheral agraphia

A

Can result in an inability to write

53
Q

Broca’s Aphasia Breakdown

A

1) Non-fluent
2) Good auditory comprehension
3) Poor repetition

*Broca’s area, insula, anterior parietal lobe

54
Q

Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices

A
  • Measures fluid intelligence (interaction with the novel)
  • Examines focal brain damage
  • Colored pieces scored as either pass or fail
55
Q

Thrombolysis and Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) is used for what type of stroke within what time frame?

A

Ischemic stroke within 4.5 hour time slot

56
Q

Non-fluent / agrammatic PPA neural region affected

A

Anterior perisylvian area

57
Q

What is dementia?

A

It is a syndrome caused by an underlying disease process. It is diffuse (widespread) damage.

58
Q

4 Cognitive domains

A

1) Attention
2) Memory
3) Executive functions
4) Visuospatial skills

59
Q

Non-fluent APHASIA characteristics

A

1) Impaired prosody
2) Short (<4 words) utterances
3) Articulatory struggle
4) Reduced grammatical complexity (telegraphic speech)

  • Dysarthria and AOS may also be present
60
Q

Hallmark features of aphasia

A

1) Anomia
2) Perseveration
3) Errors in speech or circumlocution

61
Q

Main inhibitory neurotransmitter

A

GABA

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid

62
Q

Perseveration

A

Inappropriate repetition of continuation of an earlier response or behavior

  • Can occur with writing, speaking, auditory comphrenesion, and gesturing
63
Q

Phonemic (literal) paraphasia

A

errors in sound selection or substitution

1) single sound boat —> boap
2) multi sound yes —> kleeza

64
Q

Surface alexia features

A

Damage to orthographic REPRESENTATIONS

1) Can spell REGULAR but not irregular words
2) Tends to resolve
3) Non-words are correct because sound to letter is preserved

e. g. phonologically plausible reading errors (chore for choir)
* Anterior temporal lobe damage (extrasylvian)

65
Q

Non-fluent / agrammatic PPA characteristics

A

1) Effortful, halting speech
2) Poor sentence construction (mostly nouns)
3) Reduced utterance length (less that 4 words)

66
Q

Main excitatory neurotransmitter

A

Glutamate

67
Q

Continuous perseveration

A

Inappropriate prolongation or continuation of a behavior without an intervening response or stimulus

*Drawing of extra loops or putting more hands on a clock

68
Q

Quick Aphasia Battery (QAB)

A
  • Language function test that resembles the WAB at least a little
  • Targets different domains of language
  • Gives a multidimensional profile of language function
69
Q

Implications of cognitive impairments in aphasia with executive functions

A
  • Decreased insight, awareness, organization

- Cognitive inflexibility

70
Q

Boston Naming Test

A
  • A naming vocabulary test
  • Multiple choice format with pictures (bed, pencil, whistle)
  • 60 questions from easiest to most difficult
71
Q

Is semantics perisylvian or extrasylvian?

A

Extrasylvian

*angular gyrus

72
Q

What percentage of strokes are ischemic versus hemorrhagic?

A

Ischemic 80%
Hemorrhagic 20%
(12% intracerebral, and 8% subarachnoid)

73
Q

Criteria for PPA

A

1) At least 2 years of isolated language impairment
2) Memory problems, visuospatial deficits, and behavior/personality change not present at this time
3) No focal lesion that could have caused language problem

74
Q

Fluent APHASIA characteristics

A

1) Normal prosody
2) MLU more than 4 words
3) Insubstantive speech
4) Semantic and phonemic paraphasia common

75
Q

Cognition definition

A 
refers to the
processes we use to
make sense of the
sensory information in
our environment in order
to interact with that
environment
76
Q

Definition of paraphasia and its 3 types

A

Paraphasia = error in naming

1) Semantic (verbal)
2) Phonemic (literal)
3) Neologistic

77
Q

Wernicke’s Aphasia Breakdown

A

1) Fluent
2) Poor auditory comprehension
3) Poor repetition

*Large posterior perisylvian lesions

78
Q

Semantic PPA neural region affected

A

Bilateral anterior temporal lobes

*Left more affected

79
Q

Wernicke’s

A

evolves to Conduction

80
Q

Global Aphasia Breakdown

A

1) Non-fluent
2) Poor auditory comprehension
3) Poor repetition

*Extensive damage, involves entire perisylvian area

81
Q

Conduction

A

evolves to Anomic

82
Q

Stuck-in-set perseveration is associated with lesions in what area?

A

frontal lobe

83
Q

Continuous perseveration is associated with lesions in what area?

A

right hemisphere

84
Q

Recurrent perseveration is associated with lesions in what area?

A

temporal lobe

85
Q

CART stands for

A

Copy and recall treatment

86
Q

This type of aphasia has difficulty initiating speech

A

Transcortical motor aphasia

87
Q

We use the Stroop test to examine which part of cognition?

A

Executive function

88
Q

Late stage dementia can result in which type of aphasia?

A

Transcortical sensory

89
Q

A-FROM assessment purpose + example of standardized assessment

A

1) Identifies impairment

2) Communication activities of daily living (CADL-3) (menu reading)

90
Q

A-FROM assessment purpose + example of interviewing

A

1) Participation goals

2) interviewing and coaching

91
Q

A-FROM assessment purpose + example of self-report

A

1) Personal identity

2) ALA-2

92
Q

A-FROM assessment purpose + example of contextual assessment

A

1) Environmental factors

2) Real life task assessment in natural context

93
Q

A-FROM assessment purpose + example of dynamic assessment

A

1) Communication strategies

2) Interprofessional team meeting

94
Q

Process for formulating goals in treatment

A

1) Strengths and challenges
2) Measuring outcomes (measurable changes)
3) Functional outcome measures (life changes)

95
Q

Elements required for evaluation report

A

1) Background information
2) Assessment results
3) Summary and recommendations
4) Avoid jargon
5) Provide verbal account to patient and family

Aphasia 520 (1 decks)

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