Quiz #2

Question 1

what are best practice guidelines?

Answer 1

A formalized evidence-based collection of documents

Question 2

what is the best practice guidelines program?

Answer 2

• launched in 1999 by the Registered Nurses ‘Association of Ontario (RNAO) in partnership with the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Care (MOHLTC)
• The program enables organizations and health systems to focus on patient care and clinical excellence

Question 3

what is evidence informed practice?

Answer 3

using research and scholarly literature to inform practice

Question 4

what is evidence informed decision making?

Answer 4

a continuous process involving the explicit, conscientious and consideration of the best available evidence to provide care

Question 5

what is evidence?

Answer 5

information acquired through research and the scientific evaluation of practice

Question 6

what is evidence informed nursing?

Answer 6

ongoing process that incorporates evidence from research, clinical experience, client preferences, to make nursing decisions about clients

Question 7

what is decision making influenced by?

Answer 7

influenced by evidence and also by individual values, client choice, theories, clinical judgement, ethics, legislation, regulation, health-care resources and practice environments

Question 8

what is evidence-informed public health?

Answer 8

“process of integrating science-based interventions with community preferences to improve the health of populations”

Question 9

what is evidence based practice?

Answer 9

refers to the use of evidence in the nurses practice

Question 10

how are evidence-informed decision making, research, and quality insurance interrelated?

Answer 10

all processes involve nurses to use the best evidence to provide highest quality of care

Question 11

what is quality insurance data?

Answer 11

informs you about how processes work in an organization and therefore offer information about how to make changes

Question 12

what is the purpose of quality improvement?

Answer 12

improves local work processes to improve patient outcomes and efficiency of health systems

Question 13

what is RNAO?

Answer 13

registered nurses association of ontario. its a multiyear program that supports ontario nurses that gives the best practice guidelines for client care

Question 14

what are best practices?

Answer 14

guiding principles leading to the most appropriate courses of action in certain standard practice situations

Question 15

what does PICOT stand for?

Answer 15

P=patient population of interest: age, gender, ethnicity, and disease or health problem of patients
I=intervention of interest: what is the best intervention (treatment, diagnostic test, prognostic factor)?
C=comparison of interest: what is the usual standard of care or current intervention used now in practice?
O=outcome: what result (change in behaviour, physical finding) do you want to achieve as a result of the intervention?
T=time: what is the time frame in which you think the change will occur?

Question 16

what are critical thinking dispositions (CTD)?

Answer 16

attributes or habits of minds integrated into individuals’ beliefs or actions that are conducive to critical thinking

Question 17

what is research utilization (RU)?

Answer 17

-a particular kind of knowledge utilization

Question 18

what are the three different types of RU?

Answer 18

• instrumental- concrete and noticeable implementations of research findings in practice
• conceptual- concerns the cognitive and conceptual dimensions of RU where research findings influence a practitioner’s thinking and understanding
• symbolic- use of evidence to change the minds of other people (usually decision makers)

Question 19

how are RU and CTD related?

Answer 19

nurses who have attributes of an ideal critical thinker are more likely to use research findings in their work as nurses

Question 20

what are status indians?

Answer 20

• registered under the Indian Act

- Regulates the management of reserves and sets out certain federal obligations

Question 21

what is Daniel’s decision?

Answer 21

sided in favour of non-status Indians and metis as being Indian

Question 22

define reserve

Answer 22

piece of land that’s set aside by federal government for the exclusive use of an Indian band or first nation

Question 23

what is colonialism?

Answer 23

development of institutions/policies by European imperial and euro-American settler governments toward indigenous peoples

Question 24

what is post-european contact?

Answer 24

Europeans established relationships with indigenous people and colonization influenced indigenous systems of government, trade, and health care

Question 25

what is an example of colonialism?

Answer 25

residential schools

Question 26

define intergenerational trauma?

Answer 26

pathways by which the nature of trauma is understood and experienced by "aboriginal survivors of the residential school system and their descendants" as well as the pathways by which this trauma is transmitted from one generation to the next

Question 27

define cultural genocide?

Answer 27

destruction of those structures and practices that allow the group to continue as a group

Question 28

what are ethics?

Answer 28

- refer to a system of principles which can critically change previous considerations about choices and actions - the branch of philosophy which deals with dynamics of decision making concerning what is right and wrong

Question 29

what are the three value systems that nurses participating in research have to cope with?

Answer 29

1. Societal values of human rights 2. Nursing culture based on ethic of caring 3. Researchers values about scientific inquiry

Question 30

what are the major ethical issues in conducting research?

Answer 30

- Informed Consent - Beneficence- Do not harm - Respect for anonymity and confidentiality - Respect for privacy - Vulnerable Groups - Skills of the researcher - Nursing implications

Question 31

what is informed consent based on?

Answer 31

1. disclosure 2. comprehension 3. competency 4. voluntariness

Question 32

what is disclosure?

Answer 32

researcher has to disclose all the information and what is going to happen and what to be expected

Question 33

what is comprehension?

Answer 33

they fully understand what they are participating in. their ability to understand

Question 34

what is competency?

Answer 34

ability to partake. Tied to comprehension. Are they able to understand to the level

Question 35

what is voluntariness?

Answer 35

its all voluntary and they can back out anytime they want. They cant be penalized

Question 36

define informed consent?

Answer 36

right to autonomy is protected. Person is in a clear and manifest way gives consent

Question 37

what is beneficence and non-maleficence?

Answer 37

``` beneficence= benefits of the researchers non-maleficence= relates to the potential risks of participation; dictates both preventing intentional harm and minimizing potential harm ```

Question 38

what is respect for anonymity and confidentiality?

Answer 38

anonymity- subject's identity cannot be linked to their responses confidentiality-according to professional code nurses cant reveal confidential information not even to the members of the research team

Question 39

what is the deontological theory? what is the utilitarian theory?

Answer 39

- deontological theory- they ignore the result and focus on what matters more - Utilitarian theory-best interest of all involved and what's morally right. They may breach confidentiality to better society

Question 40

define vulnerable groups

Answer 40

- inability to provide informed consent | - greater increase on being threatened etc

Question 41

what are 3 important elements of skills of the researcher?

Answer 41

competency, careful design, worth while expected outcomes

Question 42

define skills of the researcher?

Answer 42

- they need to be aware of personal limitations - lack of knowledge in the area must be clearly stated - validity and reliability must be stated

Question 43

what is Nuremburg code?

Answer 43

the leading code for subsequent codes made to protect human rights in research; focuses on voluntarily informed consent, liberty of withdrawal from research, protection from physical death and harm, or suffering and death; also emphasizes the risk-harm benefit balance