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N111 > Quiz #2 > Flashcards

Quiz #2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are best practice guidelines?

A

A formalized evidence-based collection of documents

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2
Q

what is the best practice guidelines program?

A
  • launched in 1999 by the Registered Nurses ‘Association of Ontario (RNAO) in partnership with the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Care (MOHLTC)
  • The program enables organizations and health systems to focus on patient care and clinical excellence
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3
Q

what is evidence informed practice?

A

using research and scholarly literature to inform practice

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4
Q

what is evidence informed decision making?

A

a continuous process involving the explicit, conscientious and consideration of the best available evidence to provide care

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5
Q

what is evidence?

A

information acquired through research and the scientific evaluation of practice

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6
Q

what is evidence informed nursing?

A

ongoing process that incorporates evidence from research, clinical experience, client preferences, to make nursing decisions about clients

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7
Q

what is decision making influenced by?

A

influenced by evidence and also by individual values, client choice, theories, clinical judgement, ethics, legislation, regulation, health-care resources and practice environments

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8
Q

what is evidence-informed public health?

A

“process of integrating science-based interventions with community preferences to improve the health of populations”

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9
Q

what is evidence based practice?

A

refers to the use of evidence in the nurses practice

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10
Q

how are evidence-informed decision making, research, and quality insurance interrelated?

A

all processes involve nurses to use the best evidence to provide highest quality of care

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11
Q

what is quality insurance data?

A

informs you about how processes work in an organization and therefore offer information about how to make changes

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12
Q

what is the purpose of quality improvement?

A

improves local work processes to improve patient outcomes and efficiency of health systems

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13
Q

what is RNAO?

A

registered nurses association of ontario. its a multiyear program that supports ontario nurses that gives the best practice guidelines for client care

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14
Q

what are best practices?

A

guiding principles leading to the most appropriate courses of action in certain standard practice situations

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15
Q

what does PICOT stand for?

A

P=patient population of interest: age, gender, ethnicity, and disease or health problem of patients
I=intervention of interest: what is the best intervention (treatment, diagnostic test, prognostic factor)?
C=comparison of interest: what is the usual standard of care or current intervention used now in practice?
O=outcome: what result (change in behaviour, physical finding) do you want to achieve as a result of the intervention?
T=time: what is the time frame in which you think the change will occur?

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16
Q

what are critical thinking dispositions (CTD)?

A

attributes or habits of minds integrated into individuals’ beliefs or actions that are conducive to critical thinking

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17
Q

what is research utilization (RU)?

A

-a particular kind of knowledge utilization

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18
Q

what are the three different types of RU?

A
  • instrumental- concrete and noticeable implementations of research findings in practice
  • conceptual- concerns the cognitive and conceptual dimensions of RU where research findings influence a practitioner’s thinking and understanding
  • symbolic- use of evidence to change the minds of other people (usually decision makers)
19
Q

how are RU and CTD related?

A

nurses who have attributes of an ideal critical thinker are more likely to use research findings in their work as nurses

20
Q

what are status indians?

A
  • registered under the Indian Act

- Regulates the management of reserves and sets out certain federal obligations

21
Q

what is Daniel’s decision?

A

sided in favour of non-status Indians and metis as being Indian

22
Q

define reserve

A

piece of land that’s set aside by federal government for the exclusive use of an Indian band or first nation

23
Q

what is colonialism?

A

development of institutions/policies by European imperial and euro-American settler governments toward indigenous peoples

24
Q

what is post-european contact?

A

Europeans established relationships with indigenous people and colonization influenced indigenous systems of government, trade, and health care

25
Q

what is an example of colonialism?

A

residential schools

26
Q

define intergenerational trauma?

A

pathways by which the nature of trauma is understood and experienced by “aboriginal survivors of the residential school system and their descendants” as well as the pathways by which this trauma is transmitted from one generation to the next

27
Q

define cultural genocide?

A

destruction of those structures and practices that allow the group to continue as a group

28
Q

what are ethics?

A
  • refer to a system of principles which can critically change previous considerations about choices and actions
  • the branch of philosophy which deals with dynamics of decision making concerning what is right and wrong
29
Q

what are the three value systems that nurses participating in research have to cope with?

A
  1. Societal values of human rights
  2. Nursing culture based on ethic of caring
  3. Researchers values about scientific inquiry
30
Q

what are the major ethical issues in conducting research?

A
  • Informed Consent
  • Beneficence- Do not harm
  • Respect for anonymity and confidentiality
  • Respect for privacy
  • Vulnerable Groups
  • Skills of the researcher
  • Nursing implications
31
Q

what is informed consent based on?

A
  1. disclosure
  2. comprehension
  3. competency
  4. voluntariness
32
Q

what is disclosure?

A

researcher has to disclose all the information and what is going to happen and what to be expected

33
Q

what is comprehension?

A

they fully understand what they are participating in. their ability to understand

34
Q

what is competency?

A

ability to partake. Tied to comprehension. Are they able to understand to the level

35
Q

what is voluntariness?

A

its all voluntary and they can back out anytime they want. They cant be penalized

36
Q

define informed consent?

A

right to autonomy is protected. Person is in a clear and manifest way gives consent

37
Q

what is beneficence and non-maleficence?

A 
beneficence= benefits of the researchers
non-maleficence= relates to the potential risks of participation; dictates both preventing intentional harm and minimizing potential harm
38
Q

what is respect for anonymity and confidentiality?

A

anonymity- subject’s identity cannot be linked to their responses
confidentiality-according to professional code nurses cant reveal confidential information not even to the members of the research team

39
Q

what is the deontological theory? what is the utilitarian theory?

A
  • deontological theory- they ignore the result and focus on what matters more
  • Utilitarian theory-best interest of all involved and what’s morally right. They may breach confidentiality to better society
40
Q

define vulnerable groups

A
  • inability to provide informed consent

- greater increase on being threatened etc

41
Q

what are 3 important elements of skills of the researcher?

A

competency, careful design, worth while expected outcomes

42
Q

define skills of the researcher?

A
  • they need to be aware of personal limitations
  • lack of knowledge in the area must be clearly stated
  • validity and reliability must be stated
43
Q

what is Nuremburg code?

A

the leading code for subsequent codes made to protect human rights in research; focuses on voluntarily informed consent, liberty of withdrawal from research, protection from physical death and harm, or suffering and death; also emphasizes the risk-harm benefit balance

N111 (4 decks)

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