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Dental Occlusion > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Masseter

A

Superficial to mandible
elevates mandible
some protrusion
Creates muscular sling with medial pterygoid

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2
Q

Temporalis

A 
3 Portions:
Anterior - elevates mandible
Middle - elevates  and retrudes (opposite of protrude) mandible
Posterior - retrudes mandible
Runs under zygomatic arch
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3
Q

Medial Pterygoid

A

Creates muscular sling with masseter, sits deep to mandible
elevates and protrudes mandible
Unilateral contraction: mediotrusive movement (lateral and to opposite side)

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4
Q

Lateral Pterygoid

A

Inferior and Superior Body/Belly
Primary protruder of mandible
Contracts upon CLOSING, not opening

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5
Q

Inferior Lateral Pterygoid

A

Bilateral Contraction: protrusion

Unilateral Contraction: lateral movement to opposite side

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6
Q

Digastric

A

One muscle with a Posterior and Anterior belly separated by a tendon (Intermediate Tendon)
Both sit below mandible and attach to hyoid bone
Not considered a true muscle of mastication

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7
Q

Digastric Muscle Function - Fixed Hyoid

A

Mandible is depressed and brought backwards.

Fixed Hyoid happens via supra & infrahyoid muscles

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8
Q

Digastric Muscle Function - Fixed Mandible

A

Fixed mandible via digastric, infra and suprahyoid muscles which raises the hyoid bone = SWALLOWING

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9
Q

Digastric Muscle Function - Fixed Mandible

A

Fixed mandible via digastric, infra and suprahyoid muscles which raises the hyoid bone = SWALLOWING

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10
Q

Suprahyoid Muscles

A

muscles that span from mandible to hyoid

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11
Q

Infrahyoid Muscles

A

Muscles that span from hyoid to clavicle and sternum

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12
Q

Exteroceptors

A

provide info from exterior tissues of the body to inform CNS of conditions in the environment of that receptor

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13
Q

Nociceptors

A

Pain and discomfort

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14
Q

Proprioceptors

A

Position and movement of mandible and associated oral structures

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15
Q

Interoceptors

A

Internal organs and processes like blood flow, digestion, breathing

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16
Q

Primary / First Order Neurons

A

Carry input into dorsal horn. Synapse with second-order / secondary neurons or motor neurons

17
Q

Secondary / Second Order Neurons

A

Carry information to different levels of the spinal cord

18
Q

Trace Trigeminal Nerve Input

A
  1. Cell bodies of trigeminal n located in the gasserian ganglion (GG)
  2. Primary afferent neuron enters brainstem to synapse with the second-order neuron in the trigeminal spinal tract nucleus (STN of V).
  3. Second-order neuron to the thalamus for interpretation
  4. Thalamus sends information to cortex
19
Q

Spinal Tract Nucleus of Trigeminal Nerve

A

Located in the brainstem
Broken into 3 parts
1. Subnucleus Oralis (sno) oral pain mechanisms
2. subnucleus interpolaris (sni)
3. subnucleus caudalis (snc) trigeminal nociceptive mechanisms
tooth pulp to all 3

20
Q

Trigeminal Brainstem

A
  1. Spinal Tract Nucleus (sno, sni, snc)
  2. Main sensory nucleus of V (SN of V)
  3. Motor nucleus of V (MN of V)
21
Q

Reticular Formation

A

monitors impulses that enter the brain via enhancing impulses or inhibiting impulses.

22
Q

Thalamus

A

drives cortex to activity and enables communication between cortex and rest of the CNS. Without thalamus the cortex is useless!!
“keyboard” that controls functions and directs signals

23
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Thirst
Hunger
Body Temperature

24
Q

Limbic Structures

A

emotional and behavioral activities

25
Q

Cortex

A

thinking process
muscle skills
special senses

26
Q

Central Pattern Generator - CPG

A

pool of neurons that control rhythmic muscle activities such as breathing, walking, chewing.
Precise timing of activity between antagonistic muscles for special functions

27
Q

Muscle Engrams

A

Learned & repeated pattern of chewing that minimizes damage to oral structures.

28
Q

Superior Lateral Pterygoid

A

remains inactive during opening and active during closing

Especially active during power stroke and when teeth are held together

29
Q

Mastication

A 
An efficient chewing pattern that minimizes damage to structure
Learned & Repeated (engram)
Automatic and practically involuntary
2 phases
-opening
-closing (crushing & grinding)
30
Q

Opening phase

A

Mandible is depressed and shifts 3-4 mm laterally

31
Q

Closing Phase - Crushing

A

Majority of closing phase
At maximum opening begin to shift medial
Buccal cusps of mandibular teeth directly under buccal cusps of maxillary teeth which helps trap food between them.

32
Q

Closing Phase - Grinding

A

Last bit of closing phase
Mandible guided by occlusal surfaces of teeth to IP
Cuspal inclines pass across each other= shearing & grinding of Bolus

33
Q

Lateral Movements of Mandible

A 
Depend on stage of Mastication
-Early= more lateral movement
-Late= less lateral movement
Depends on food consistency
-Hard=more lateral movement
-Soft=less lateral movement
34
Q

Forces of Mastication

A

Female average: ~80 lbs
Male average: ~120 lbs
Greatest: 975 lbs
Varies by teeth (first molars > incisors)
Varies by prosthetics (dentures 25% force)
Varies by pain (tooth/muscle pain reduce force)

35
Q

Swallowing - Deglutition

A

Coordinated muscular contractions that move bolus to stomach
Voluntary, involuntary, and reflex muscular activity
Must have a stabilized mandible to allow movement of hyoid - different in adults and infants

36
Q

Duration & Force of Swallowing

A

Takes 3x as long as tooth contact during mastication

7.8 lbs more than mastication

37
Q

Somatic Swallow

A

adult uses teeth for mandibular stability

38
Q

Visceral Swallow

A

Infant uses tongue forward and between dental arches to stabilize mandible to allow hyoid movement

Dental Occlusion (1 decks)

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