quiz 2

Question 1

___ are specialized cells that carry sensory information, transmit signals to muscles and organs, and carryout operations involved in thinking, feeling, and acting.

Answer 1

neurons

Question 2

Part of the neuron that transmits information over long distances

Answer 2

axon

Question 3

Extensions that branch out from the cell body to receive information from other neurons

Answer 3

dendrites

Question 4

Part of a neuron that contains the nucleus

Answer 4

soma/ cell body

Question 5

connection point between two neurons

Answer 5

synapse

Question 6

the cell membrane of a neuron is a double layer made up of:

Answer 6

lipid (fat) and protein

Question 7

one key function of the protein channels in a cell membrane is to:

Answer 7

control environment within and around cell

Question 8

When a neuron is at rest, the inside of the neuron is

Answer 8

negative

Question 9

the sodium- potassium pump forces sodium ions__the cell and potassium ions__the cell

Answer 9

through the neuron membrane to outside; back inside

Question 10

An__is an abrupt depolarization of the neuron’s membrane, allowing the neuron to transmit signals over long distances

Answer 10

action potential

Question 11

Glial Cells produce___, a fatty tissue that wraps around axons to insulate them

Answer 11

myelin

Question 12

Which of the following statements about neuronal conduction and myelinated neurons is true?

Answer 12

increase speed; breaks in myelin= signal renewed by action potential at every nod of ranvier; uses less energy

Question 13

___ are chemical messengers released from axon terminals into the synapse. They dock with specialized proteins receptors on an adjacent neuron

Answer 13

neurotransmitter

Question 14

When a neurotransmitter reaches a receptor, it can cause sodium ion channels to open. The incoming rush of sodium ions partially depolarizes (or hypopolarizes) the cell, making an action potential more likely. This local change in electrical charge is called an___

Answer 14

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential (EPSP)

Question 15

Where do graded potentials like EPSPs and IPSPs get converted into action potentials?

Answer 15

axon Hillock

Question 16

After delivering its message, and neurotransmitter must be deactivated. How does this naturally occur?

Answer 16

Reuptake: membrane proteins (transporters) take the transmitter back into the terminals. This process repackages the transmitter in vesicles to use again

Question 17

___ is a hormone released during stress. In the brain, it functions as a neurotransmitter to increased arousal and attention to events in the environment. Research suggests that plays a role in depression

Answer 17

Norepinephrine

Question 18

___Is a neurotransmitter that contributes to motor control. It also plays an important role in pleasure and reward, and promotes the pleasurable effects of food, sex, and abused drugs. Research suggests it plays a role in schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease

Answer 18

dopamine

Question 19

Which of the following is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain?

Answer 19

Glutamate