quiz 2 Flashcards
rhythm
A repeating process at regular intervals
seasons, days/years, etc
period
Length of time to complete one cycle
daily, annually, lunar, tidal, etc
Ultradian
Cycles with periods lasting less than 24 hours
tides
Circannual
Periods in a cycle that last about 1 year
Circadian
Periods in a cycle that last about 24 hours
calendar days
Infradian
Periods in a cycle that last more than 24 hours
annual, lunar, seasonal, etc
Exogenous rhythms
When animal is removed from environment they no longer exhibit the same regular cycles because they relied on environmental cues for their cyclic behaviour
Endogenous rhythms
Biological clock, i.e. cycles independent of environmental cues (may shift slightly over time when deprived of cues, but occur in same intervals)
Free running rhythms
biological clock when it is not being influenced by external/environmental time cues
Entrainment
Process which environmental rhythm, like light/dark cycle, regulates period and phase of biological rhythm
Zeitgeiber
“Time giver”
-An environmental cue to reset circadian clock
-Free run rhythm
(light cues (day/night) for rest, hormone secretion, feeding, etc)
Where is the SCN (suprachiasmatic nucleus) located?
Dense cluster of neurons in hypothalamus, depending on sensory info from eyes
play
- behav that is pieces of other behav patterns (usually incomplete/ exaggerated)
- elements drawn from different behav patterns put in new sequences
- Social
- Locomotor
- Object play
Proximate influences of play
- Sex differentiation (androgen levels)
- energy levels
- social environment (affects rate)
- predation pressure (dec rate)
Functions of play
- practice for hunting later in life (enhance physical training)
- enhancing cognitive development (problem solving skills)
- facilitation of social bonding
- regulation of energy reserves (juveniles ridding of excess energy)
- training for dealing with unexpected events
Home range dispersal (sex bias)
- one sex disperses, the other stays results in a reduction of inbreeding
- sex most involved in teritory acquisition/defence stays
- sex that gets first choice in breeding sites is the one that stays
- avoid competition with kin (resources and mates)
- if one sex is more cooperative with others they are more likely to stay