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Prosthetics > quiz 2 (6- > Flashcards

quiz 2 (6- Flashcards

1
Q

an asymmetric step length gait pattern may be caused by

A

-potentially spending less time in stance phase on amputated side
-shortening swing time and step length on intact side

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2
Q

knee flexion in amputees is produced by

A

hip flexion and momentum

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3
Q

prosthetic gait has a decreased…

A

walking speed
stride length
cadence
energy efficiency
biomechanical efficiency

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4
Q

transtibial energy expenditure

A

16-28% above normal

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5
Q

transfemoral energy expenditure

A

60-110% above normal

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6
Q

gait goals in initial contact/ loading response

A

-stride length
-controlled knee flexion

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7
Q

gait goals in midstance phase

A

-pylon position
-step width

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8
Q

gait goals in terminal stance phase

A

-smooth progression over forefoot
-smooth flexion of the limb

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9
Q

gait goals in pre-swing phase

A

pelvic, trunk, and head position

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10
Q

gait goals in swing phase

A

prosthetic path

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11
Q

TT: keeping the knee extended as much as possible in both swing and stance phase may lead to what deviations?

A

excess knee extension, vaulting, and circumduction

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12
Q

TT: spending as little time on the prosthesis as possible may lead to what deviation

A

uneven step length

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13
Q

TT: increasing their BOS may lead to what deviation

A

wide base of support

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14
Q

excess knee extension

A

phase: IC, LR, Mst
plane: Sagittal
prosthetic causes:
socket aligned too posterior, foot too anterior, heel too soft, insufficient socket flexion
user causes:
locking knee, weak muscles around knee

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15
Q

bench alignment

A

static alignment. 1/2 inch medial to center, posterior to center, heel height 5* of flexion

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16
Q

checkout

A

process of dynamic adjustments to make sure the patient is safe and capable of utilizing the prosthesis. aka dynamic alignment

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17
Q

what are the 4 alignment goals

A
  1. facilitate heel strike at IC
  2. provide adequate single limb stability during stance phase
  3. create smooth forward progression in late stance
  4. ensure toe clearance during swing
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18
Q

transtibial pressure tolerant areas

A

supracondular ares
suprapatellar areas
patella tendon
tibia flares
lateral flare of fibula
posterior area of stump
popliteal area (gently)
distal end of stump for total contact socket

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19
Q

TT: inset foot problems

A

-excess pressure at medial proximal and lateral distal areas
-gap at lateral proximal area
-lateral instability

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20
Q

TT: outset foot problems

A

-excess pressure at lateral proximal and medial distal areas
-gap at medial proximal area
-medial instability

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21
Q

TT: foot too anterior problems

A

-excess pressure at patellar tendon and posterior distal areas
-posterior instability
-difficulty flexing the knee in stance

22
Q

TT: foot too posterior problems

A

-excess pressure posterior proximal and anterior distal areas
-anterior instability
-excess flexing the knee during stance

23
Q

TT: heel too high problems

A

increased flexion moment

24
Q

transfemoral goals

A

minimize rotation of prosthesis and provide frontal and sagittal plane stability

25
Q

transfemoral pressure tolerant areas

A

ischial tuberosity
medial & lateral flares of stump
anterior & posterior flares of stump
distal end of the stump for total contact socket (no pressure contact only)

26
Q

transfemoral pressure sensitive areas

A

greater trochanter
ramus
ASIS
adductor tendon
distal end of femur
inguinal fossa
pubic tubercle
surgical suture

27
Q

TF: inset foot problems

A

-excess pressure at medial proximal and lateral distal areas
-gap at the lateral proximal area
-lateral instability

27
Q

TF: outset foot problems

A

-excess pressure lateral proximal and medial distal

28
Q

if the socket is too far anterior it will…

A

move the line too far in front of the knee axis making it hard to extend/flex the knee

29
Q

if the socket is too far posterior it will….

A

move the line too far behind the knee axis making the knee prone to buckling

30
Q

excess knee extension causes

A

-socket aligned too posterior/ foot too anterior
-locking knee to prevent fall
-seen in IC, LR, MSt

31
Q

vaulting causes

A

-prosthesis too long
-long toe lever arm
-socket too posterior
-holding knee in extension too long
-seen in swing phase

32
Q

in prosthetic uneven step length, the short stride length is the ___ side

A

sound limb. decreased confidence on the prosthetic will shorten stance phase on prosthetic and swing on sound limb

33
Q

wide BOS causes

A

-outset foot
-medial leaning pylon
-insufficient weight shift
-pt fear
-hip abduction tightness

34
Q

TT weak quads can lead to which deviations

A

-increased pressure on distal residual limb
-shortened stance on prosthetic limb
-knee instability
-drop off

35
Q

knee instability causes

A

socket too far anterior/ foot too posterior
-heel firm
-excessive foot DF
-weak quads
-knee flexion contracture
IC, LR

36
Q

Knee drop off causes

A

socket too anterior/ foot too posterior
-inappropriate foot choice
-knee flexion contracture
-TSt

37
Q

TT fit issues deviations

A

-pistoning
-hip drop (too short)
-circumduction (too long)
-vaulting (too long)

38
Q

pistoning causes

A

socket too large
not enough socks
volume changes
IC, LR, MST, SW

39
Q

hip drop causes

A

pelvic drop towards prosthetic side. prosthesis too short, residual limb pain
MST

40
Q

Terminal impact causes

A

-inadequate knee friction
-fear of knee giving away
-forceful hip flexion
SW - IC

41
Q

foot slap causes

A

-PF bumper too soft
-increased hip ext force at IC

42
Q

circumduction causes

A

-prosthesis too long
-inadequate suspension
-excess knee friction
-medial wall high
-fear
-hip flexor weak
-hip abduction contracture

43
Q

abducted gait causes

A

-prosthesis too long
-medial wall too high
-lateral wall not adducted
-foot too far outset
-decreased balance
-abduction contracture
-lateral/distal RL pain
-adductor roll

44
Q

TF glute max weakness can result in

A

knee instability and excess trunk extension

45
Q

TF glute med weakness can result in

A

lateral trunk bend, trendelenburg gait pattern

46
Q

excess trunk extenison causes

A

increased socket extension
not enough flexion built in to socket
weak hip extensors
weak abs
hip flexion contracture
very short RL
MST

47
Q

lateral trunk bend causes

A

prostheis short
socket too abducted
medial wall too high
glute med weak
pain
decreased balance
adductor roll
MST

48
Q

TF fit issues can cause

A

drop off, medial whip, lateral whip

49
Q

drop off causes

A

short toe lever, socket too posterior to knee
TST

50
Q

medial whip causes

A

external rotation of knee component, improper alignment of knee, improper donning

51
Q

lateral whip causes

A

internal rotation of knee component, improper alignment of knee, improper donning

Prosthetics (2 decks)

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