Quiz #2

Question 1

expected relative frequency

Answer 1

what you expect to get in the long run if you repeat the experiment many times (AKA long-run relative frequency)

Question 2

subjective interpretation of probability

Answer 2

how certain we are that a particular thing will happen

Question 3

research hypothesis

Answer 3

a prediction about the difference between populations

Question 4

null hypothesis

Answer 4

a statement about the lack of difference between populations

Question 5

comparison distribution

Answer 5

the probability of getting the result that you got (AKA sampling distribution)

Question 6

cutoff score

Answer 6

how extreme the sample score would have to be to be too unlikely if the null hypothesis were true (AKA critical value)

Question 7

one tailed test

Answer 7

tests directional hypothesis (when researchers are only interested in one direction of result)

Question 8

two tailed test

Answer 8

test nondirectional hypothesis (when a research hypothesis predicts an effect but not the direction of that effect)

Question 9

t test

Answer 9

hypothesis testing procedure where the population variance is unknown

Question 10

single sample t test

Answer 10

used when you have the scores for a sample of individuals and want to compare the mean to a population where you know the mean but not the variance (AKA one-sample t test)

Question 11

t test for dependent means

Answer 11

procedure for a repeated measures design (when you have two scores for each person in your sample) (AKA paired-samples t test)

Question 12

ANOVA

Answer 12

procedure for testing variation among the means of more than two groups (AKA analysis of variance)

Question 13

F ratio

Answer 13

the ratio of the between-groups to the within-groups population variance estimate

Question 14

planned contrasts

Answer 14

comparison where the particular means were decided in advance

Question 15

posthoc comparisons

Answer 15

multiple comparisons not specified in advance

Question 16

type I error

Answer 16

the null is true but you reject it

Question 17

type II error

Answer 17

the null is false but you accept it

Question 18

criteria to causality

Answer 18

covariation (requires the causal variable to be related to the effect variable), time precedence of the cause (cause must come before the effect), absence of alternative explanations

Question 19

systematic variance

Answer 19

between groups; deviation of group means from the grand mean (want large difference)

Question 20

error variance

Answer 20

within groups; deviation of scores in each group from the respective group (want small difference)

Question 21

event

Answer 21

an observable outcome

Question 22

generating event

Answer 22

process you go through to observe an event

Question 23

multiplication theorem

Answer 23

and

Question 24

addition theorem

Answer 24

or